respi recit

• What are the segments of the respiratory system?

  Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs
• What are the systems/divisions of the respiratory tract as to immune defenses?

  • Conductive system: Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi
  • Transitional system: Bronchi, bronchioles
  • Gas exchange system: Lungs, pulmonary alveoli
• What is the immune defense of the transitional system?

  Clara cells
• What is the immune defense of the conductive system?

  Mucociliary clearance
• What is the immune defense of the gas-exchange system?

  Intravascular pulmonary macrophages
• What is the term for trapping of particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages?

  Deposition
• What are the dorsal, lateral, and ventral boundaries of the nasal cavity?

  • Dorsal: Nasal bone
  • Lateral: Premaxilla & maxilla
  • Ventral: Palatine
• What is the term for removal of trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages?

  Clearance
• What is the difference between deposited and trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages?

  Retention
• What are the rostral and caudal boundaries of the nasal cavity?

  • Rostral: Nostril/ anterior nares
  • Caudal: Choanae/ Posterior nares
• What are the apertures of the pharynx?

  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
• What are the meatuses/air spaces in the nasal cavity?

  • Superior nasal meatus
  • Middle nasal meatus
  • Inferior nasal meatus
• What is the common passageway for the digestive and respiratory tracts?

  Pharynx
• What separates the nasal cavity into left and right?

  Nasal septum
• What is the voice box called?

  Larynx
• What is the slit-like opening at the proximal aspect of the larynx called?

  Rima glottides
• What is aspiration pneumonia?

  • Accidental entry of water & food particles to the lower respiratory tract
  • Can be prevented by the epiglottis
• What is the windpipe called?

  Trachea
• What are the concentric layers of the trachea from outer to inner?

  • Fascia propria
  • Cartilaginous ring
  • Fibro-elastic layer
  • Muscular layer
  • Mucus membrane layer
• What type of cartilage is found in tracheal rings?

  Hyaline cartilage
• What is the point of tracheal bifurcation called?

  Carina
• What are the branches of bronchi?

  • Left & right primary bronchi
  • Secondary bronchi
  • Tertiary bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Pulmonary alveoli
• What is diffusion?

  Movement of any molecule in an area of greater to lesser concentration
• What is phonation?

  Voice production
• What is olfaction?

  Sense of smell
• What are the chemoreceptive cells of the nasal epithelium responsible for?

  Responsible for the sense of smell
• What is the olfactory nerve?

  1st Cranial nerve
• What does the olfactory nerve detect?

  Smell
• What are the pointed and wide portions of the lungs called?

  • Apex: Pointed portion
  • Base: Wide portion
• What are the dorsal and ventral borders of the lungs?

  • Dorsal: Faces thoracic vertebra dorsally
  • Ventral: Faces sternum ventrally
• What is the extra lobe of the right lung called?

  Intermediate/ accessory lobe
• What are the lobes of the right lung?

  • Apical/ cranial lobe
  • Cardiac/ middle lobe
  • Accessory lobe
  • Diaphragmatic/ caudal lobe
• What are the lobes of the left lung?

  • Apical/ cranial lobe
  • Cardiac/ middle lobe
  • Diaphragmatic/ caudal lobe
• What are the surfaces of the lung?

  • Costal: Faces the rib
  • Mediastinal: Faces the heart
  • Interlobar: Facing adjacent lobes
  • Diaphragmatic: Facing the diaphragm
• What is the diaphragm?

  • Broad unpalled muscle
  • Forms the partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities
• What are the parts of the diaphragm?

  • Costal part
  • Sternal part
  • Lumbar part
• What are the hiatuses of the diaphragm?

  • Aortic hiatus
  • Esophageal hiatus
  • Caval foramen hiatus
• What structure passes through the hiatus vena cava?

  Caudal vena cava
• What structures pass through the hiatus aorticus?

  • Aorta
  • Vena azygous
  • Cisterna chyli
• What structures pass through the hiatus esophagi?

  • Esophagus
  • Esophageal branch of gastric cavity
  • Vagus nerve