ANAT

    Cards (67)

    • What are the segments of the respiratory system?
      Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs
    • What are the systems/divisions of the respiratory tract in terms of immune defenses?
      • Conductive system: Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi
      • Transitional system: Bronchi, bronchioles
      • Gas exchange system: Lungs, pulmonary alveoli
    • What is the immune defense mechanism of the conductive system?
      Mucociliary clearance
    • What is the immune defense mechanism of the transitional system?
      Clara cells
    • What is the process of trapping particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages called?
      Deposition
    • What is the immune defense mechanism of the gas-exchange system?
      Intravascular pulmonary macrophages
    • What is the process of removing trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages called?
      Clearance
    • What is the difference between deposited and trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages?
      Retention
    • What are the dorsal, lateral, and ventral boundaries of the nasal cavity?
      • Dorsal: Nasal bone
      • Lateral: Premaxilla & maxilla
      • Ventral: Palatine
    • What are the rostral and caudal boundaries of the nasal cavity?
      Rostral: Nostril, Caudal: Choanae
    • What are the apertures of the pharynx?
      • Nasopharynx
      • Oropharynx
      • Laryngopharynx
    • What are the meatuses/air spaces in the nasal cavity?
      • Superior nasal meatus
      • Middle nasal meatus
      • Inferior nasal meatus
    • What separates the nasal cavity into left and right sides?
      Nasal septum
    • What is the common passageway for the digestive and respiratory tracts?
      Pharynx
    • What is the slit-like opening at the proximal aspect of the larynx called?
      Rima glottides
    • What is the voice box called?
      Larynx
    • What is the windpipe called?
      Trachea
    • What are the concentric layers of the trachea from outer to inner?
      1. Fascia proprietary
      2. Cartilaginous ring
      3. Fibro-elastic layer
      4. Muscular layer
      5. Mucus membrane layer
    • What type of cartilage is found in tracheal rings?
      Hyaline cartilage
    • What is the point of tracheal bifurcation called?
      Carina
    • What are the branches of the bronchi?
      • Left & right primary bronchi
      • Secondary bronchi
      • Tertiary bronchi
      • Bronchioles
      • Pulmonary alveoli
    • What is diffusion in the context of respiratory anatomy?
      Movement of any molecule from an area of greater to lesser concentration
    • What is phonation?
      Voice production, the principal function of the larynx
    • What are the chemoreceptive cells of the nasal epithelium responsible for?
      Responsible for the sense of smell
    • What is olfaction?
      Sense of smell
    • What nerve is associated with the sense of smell?
      Olfactory nerve
    • What is the function of the 1st cranial nerve?
      Detects smell
    • What are the two portions of the lungs?
      • Apex: pointed portion
      • Base: wide portion
    • What are the borders of the lungs?
      • Dorsal: faces thoracic vertebra dorsally
      • Ventral: faces sternum ventrally
    • What is the extra lobe of the right lung called?
      Intermediate/accessory lobe
    • What are the lobes of the right lung?
      • Apical/cranial lobe
      • Cardiac/middle lobe
      • Accessory lobe
      • Diaphragmatic/caudal lobe
    • What are the lobes of the left lung?
      • Apical/cranial lobe
      • Cardiac/middle lobe
      • Diaphragmatic/caudal lobe
    • What are the surfaces of the lung?
      • Costal: faces the rib
      • Mediastinal: faces the heart
      • Interlobar: facing adjacent lobes
      • Diaphragmatic: facing the diaphragm
    • What are the parts of the diaphragm?
      • Costal part
      • Sternal part
      • Lumbar part
    • What is the diaphragm and its function?
      • Broad unpalled muscle
      • Forms the partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities
      • Organ of respiration
    • What are the hiatuses of the diaphragm?
      • Aortic hiatus
      • Esophageal hiatus
      • Caval foramen hiatus
    • What structure passes through the caval foramen hiatus?
      Caudal vena cava
    • What structures pass through the aortic hiatus?
      • Aorta
      • Vena azygous
      • Cisterna chyli
    • What structures pass through the esophageal hiatus?
      • Esophagus
      • Esophageal branch of gastric cavity
      • Vagus nerve
    • What are the regions/segments of the mediastinum?
      • Precardial
      • Cardial
      • Postcardial
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