Animal research

• What was the aim of Lorenz's study in 1952?

  To investigate the mechanism of imprinting in animals
• What is imprinting in the context of Lorenz's study?

  It is forming an attachment to the first moving object encountered
• What procedure did Lorenz use in his study on geese?

  • Divided a clutch of geese: half with their mother, half with Lorenz
  • Mixed the geese in an upturned box
  • Observed which figure they ran to after removal
• What did Lorenz find regarding the geese's behavior?

  Geese followed the corresponding mother and imprinted on the first moving object
• What conclusion did Lorenz draw from his study on imprinting?

  Imprinting is innate and irreversible in geese
• What is sexual imprinting as observed in Lorenz's study?

  Birds that imprinted on humans later showed courtship behaviors towards humans
• What did Regolin and Vallotigara's study reveal about chicks and shapes?

  • Exposed chicks to simple shape combinations
  • Chicks moved to different shape combinations
  • Findings showed chicks followed the original shape closely
• What was the aim of Harlow's study in 1958?

  To investigate attachment in monkeys raised with different mothers
• What were the two types of mothers used in Harlow's study?

  • Wire mother
  • Cloth mother
• What behavior did the monkeys exhibit when frightened in Harlow's study?

  They sought comfort from the cloth mother
• What were the effects of early maternal deprivation observed in Harlow's study?

  • Monkeys were more aggressive
  • Less social
  • Unskilled at mating
  • More timid
  • Easily bullied
  • Became inadequate mothers
• According to Harlow, when must attachments be formed?

  Within 90 days, after which attachments are impossible
• What real-world value does Harlow's research provide?

  • Helps prevent lack of bonding experiences in child development
  • Emphasizes importance of attachment figures for baby monkeys in zoos and breeding programs
• What is a limitation of extrapolating findings from Harlow's study to humans?

  Monkeys and humans may not have the same attachment mechanisms
• What did Green (1944) suggest about mammals in relation to attachment mechanisms?

  All mammals have the same brain structure, just different sizes
• What are the ethical considerations of Harlow's study?

  Positive:

  • Helps understand how to assist monkeys experiencing deprivation
  • Aids in understanding mammals in daycare

  
  

  Negative:

  • Monkeys were poorly mistreated
  • Monkeys experienced harm