correlations

• What do correlations not have that experiments do?

  Correlations do not have independent variables (IVs) and dependent variables (DVs)
• What are the two types of correlation mentioned?

  Perfect correlation and imperfect correlation
• What does a perfect correlation look like on a graph?

  A perfect correlation is represented by a 45-degree angle going up or down
• What is the maximum correlation value for a perfect positive correlation?

  The maximum correlation value for a perfect positive correlation is +1
• What is the maximum correlation value for a perfect negative correlation?

  The maximum correlation value for a perfect negative correlation is -1
• What does an R value of +1 indicate?

  An R value of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation
• What does an R value of -1 indicate?

  An R value of -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation
• What type of data is required for ordinal correlation?

  Ordinal data, which has to be ordered and ranked
• What happens if only two conditions are used in a correlation?

  It produces a bar graph instead of a scatter graph
• What type of data must be used in correlations?

  Data must be quantitative
• What is the correlation coefficient?

  The correlation coefficient is a statistical measure of how two factors vary together
• What is required for an R value to be considered significant?

  The R value needs to be higher than 0.2
• What do correlations predict?

  Correlations predict a relationship, not differences
• What are the characteristics of correlation in research?

  • No IVs and DVs, only co-variables
  • Predicts relationships, not differences
  • Requires quantitative data
  • Ordinal data must be ordered and ranked
• What is the purpose of a correlation coefficient?

  To measure the strength and nature of the relationship between two co-variables
• What does a correlation coefficient indicate about the relationship between two variables?

  It indicates whether the relationship is positive or negative
• What is the range of values for a correlation coefficient?

  Between -1.0 and +1.0
• What does it mean if a correlation coefficient is closer to +1 or -1?

  It indicates a stronger correlation
• What correlation coefficient value represents a perfect positive correlation?

  +1
• What correlation coefficient value represents a perfect negative correlation?

  • -1
• What are the characteristics of correlation coefficients?

  • Measures strength and nature of relationship
  • Ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
  • Closer to +1 or -1 indicates stronger correlation
  • +1 indicates perfect positive correlation
  • -1 indicates perfect negative correlation