Biology - Ecology

• What is photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make glucose from sunlight.
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.

  
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?

  CO​2
• What is the chemical symbol for water?

  H​2​O
• What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

  O​2
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  C​6​H​12​O​6
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Temperature
  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Amount of chlorophyll

  
• How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until enzymes denature.
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when light intensity increases?

  The rate of photosynthesis generally increases with higher light intensity.

  
• How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

  As carbon dioxide concentration increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases.

  
• What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll converts light energy to food for the plant.
• What happens if chlorophyll levels are reduced?

  The rate of photosynthesis would decrease.
• How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured experimentally?

  • Measure oxygen production of a plant.
  • Use pondweed in a test tube with water.
  • Seal the top and attach a capillary tube.
  • Measure the distance the oxygen bubble moves.
• What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  A limiting factor is an environmental condition that restricts the rate of photosynthesis.
• How can a graph show limiting factors in photosynthesis?

  A graph shows limiting factors if it levels off with one factor on the horizontal axis and rate of photosynthesis on the vertical axis.
• What does it mean if a graph has two lines representing two limiting factors?

  It indicates two limiting factors in two experiments at different environmental conditions.
• What is the inverse square law in relation to light intensity?

  Light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the light source.
• If a lamp is 2 meters away from a plant, what is the light intensity compared to its original value?

  The light intensity is a quarter of its original value.
• What are the uses of glucose produced in photosynthesis?

  1. For respiration
  2. Converted into insoluble starch for storage
  3. To produce fat or oil for storage
  4. To produce cellulose for cell walls
  5. Combined with nitrates to form amino acids
• What is respiration?

  Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose for living processes.
• What type of reaction is respiration?

  Respiration is an exothermic reaction.
• What are the two types of respiration?

  Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
• What occurs during anaerobic respiration in animals?

  Glucose is converted to lactic acid.
• What is oxygen debt?

  Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed after exercise to break down lactic acid.
• What happens during aerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and yields the most energy.
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  C​6​H​12​O​6​ + O​2​ → CO​2​ + H​2​O
• What occurs during anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  Lactic acid is transported to the liver where it is converted back to glucose.
• What is metabolism?

  • The sum of all reactions in a cell or body.
  • Energy from respiration is used to make new molecules.
  • Controlled by enzymes.
• What are examples of metabolic reactions?

  1. Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
  2. Formation of lipids from glycerol and fatty acids.
  3. Formation of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions.
  4. Reactions in respiration.
  5. Formation of urea from protein breakdown.