Textbook/tutor2u

• What does right realism see as a growing problem in society?

  Street crime
• Who is the main theorist associated with right realism?

  Wilson
• What policy has right realism justified regarding street crime?

  Zero tolerance
• How does right realism view the causes of crime?

  It emphasizes control and punishment over rehabilitation
• Which political climate does right realism reflect?

  Neo-conservative governments of the 1970s and 1980s
• What do right realists think about theories like labelling and critical criminology?

  They consider them too sympathetic to criminals
• What is the main focus of right realists regarding crime?

  Crime reduction and strategies
• What do right realists reject as causes of crime?

  Structural or economic factors like poverty
• What three factors do right realists argue contribute to crime?

  Biological differences, inadequate socialization, and rational choice
• What do Wilson and Hernstein propose about criminal behavior?

  It is caused by biological and social factors
• According to right realists, what role does effective socialization play?

  It decreases the risk of offending
• Who does Charles Murray argue is responsible for the increasing crime rate?

  The growing underclass or 'new rabble'
• What does Murray claim about the welfare state since the 1960s?

  It has led to welfare dependency and a decline in marriage
• How do absent fathers affect boys, according to right realists?

  They lead to a lack of paternal discipline and role models
• What does rational choice theory assume about individuals?

  They have free will and the power of reason
• What do right realists believe about the relationship between crime rewards and costs?

  High rewards lead to higher crime rates
• What is the main focus of right realists in tackling crime?

  Control, prevention, and punishment of offenders
• What is target hardening in crime prevention policies?

  Reducing opportunities to commit crime through increased security
• How do punishments play a role in crime prevention according to right realists?

  They should follow soon after the offense to deter re-offending
• What does CCTV do in terms of crime prevention?

  It increases the costs of getting caught
• What does the 'Broken Windows' theory advocate for?

  Maintaining communities and addressing petty crime immediately
• What is the proposed role of police according to right realists?

  To control the streets and ensure safety for law-abiding citizens
• What criticism does Jones have regarding the focus on petty crimes?

  It diverts police attention from more serious crimes
• What do left realists argue about society's approach to crime?

  It should be tough on both crime and its causes
• What do left realists criticize traditional Marxists for?

  For their "left idealism"
• What do left realists believe about the fear of crime?

  It is a real social problem that should be taken seriously
• What causes of crime do left realists identify?

  Subcultures, marginalization, and relative deprivation
• What does relative deprivation refer to?

  Inequality and the feeling of being deprived compared to others
• How do left realists view the relationship between crime and social proximity to wealth?

  Close proximity to wealth increases awareness of inequality
• What do left realists argue about globalization's impact on crime?

  It has increased unemployment and social exclusion
• What do left realists propose for police reform?

  A more consensual force that represents the population
• What was the rationale behind the introduction of elected police and crime commissioners?

  To create more democracy in policing
• What do left realists believe is necessary for reducing crime?

  Partnerships between various agencies and individuals
• What was Tony Blair's approach to crime and its causes?

  "Tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime"
• What is a criticism of left realism regarding its proposals for a fairer society?

  It may be idealistic rather than realistic
• What do feminists criticize about left realism?

  It ignores gender as a factor in crime
• What was the public turnout for the 2012 elections of police and crime commissioners?

  15%
• What does the lack of interest in police and crime commissioners indicate?

  Public disinterest in police reforms
• What was the outcome of the 2012 election regarding public knowledge of commissioners?

  Most could not name them or their party
• What does the lack of votes for commissioners suggest about public engagement?

  It suggests low public interest in policing issues