organic chemistry

Cards (18)

  • what is cracking?
    a thermal decomposition reaction
  • what are the 2 types of cracking called?
    1 catalytic cracking
    2 steam cracking
  • what is the formula for alkanes?
    CnH2n+2
  • what is the formula for alkenes?
    CnH2n
  • how does catalytic cracking work?
    1. heat the hydrocarbons- vaporise
    2. pass vapour over hot powdered aluminium oxide(catalyst)
    3. as they come into contact with the catalyst the long hydrocarbons split into 2 smaller hydrocarbons
  • how does steam cracking work?
    1. heat the hydrocarbons- vaporise
    2. mix vapour with steam
    3. heat the mixture up to very high temperatures
    4. causes long chains to split into smaller ones
  • what is the cracking equation?
    long chain alkane --> shorter alkane + alkene
  • what is the test for alkenes?
    Bromine water test, goes orange to colourless if present
  • what are alkenes added together to make?
    Polymers (plastics)
  • what is crude oil made from?
    plankton
  • how is crude oil separated?
    Fractional distillation
  • what do crude oil contain a mixture of?
    Hydrocarbons
  • what are hydrocarbons?
    a compound of hydrogen and carbon ONLY
  • what are alkanes?
    Hydrocarbons with single bonds. they are a saturated substance which means they can't form new bonds with other substances
  • what are the first 4 alkanes?
    1. methane
    2. ethane
    3. propane
    4. butane
  • what is the 1st stage in fractional distillation?
    heating the crude oil
  • why do longer chains have higher boiling points?
    they have more weak intermolecular forces so they require more energy to overcome the forces
  • what are alkenes?
    Hydrocarbons with at least 1 carbon double bond, they are unsaturated which means they can form new bonds to other substances