Mitosis and meiosis

• What are the vocabulary terms in biology that sound similar?

  Chromosome, chromatid, chromatin, transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis
• Why is it helpful to compare mitosis and meiosis?

  To understand their similarities, differences, and significance
• What type of cells does mitosis produce?

  Body cells
• What is the purpose of the video on mitosis and meiosis?

  • Side by side comparison of mitosis and meiosis
  • Presented in a split screen
  • Assumes prior knowledge of both processes
• What type of cells does meiosis produce?

  Sperm and egg cells (gametes)
• What is the starting cell type for both mitosis and meiosis?

  Diploid cell, written as 2n
• How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid cell have?

  Two sets of chromosomes
• How many chromosomes do humans have in total?

  46 chromosomes
• What happens during interphase before mitosis and meiosis?

  The cell duplicates its chromosomes
• How many chromatids are present after duplicating 46 chromosomes?

  92 chromatids
• Why is interphase important?

  It duplicates chromosomes before mitosis and meiosis
• What is the acronym used to remember the stages of mitosis and meiosis?

  • PMAT
  • Stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
• How does meiosis differ from mitosis in terms of PMAT stages?

  Meiosis goes through PMAT stages twice
• What happens during prophase in mitosis?

  The chromosomes become visible and condense
• What occurs during prophase I in meiosis?

  Chromosomes match up with homologous pairs
• What does the term homologous mean in genetics?

  Chromosomes that are approximately the same size and contain the same types of genes
• What does metaphase in mitosis involve?

  Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
• What is crossing over in meiosis?

  It is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes
• How do chromosomes line up during metaphase I in meiosis?

  They line up in pairs in the middle of the cell
• What happens during anaphase in mitosis?

  Chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell
• What is pulled away during anaphase I in meiosis?

  Chromosomes are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell
• What occurs during telophase in mitosis?

  New nuclei form on each side to create two new cells
• What is the result of mitosis and cytokinesis?

  Two identical diploid cells
• What follows telophase in both mitosis and meiosis?

  Cytokinesis occurs to split the cytoplasm
• What is the purpose of meiosis II?

  To produce four non-identical gametes
• What happens during prophase II in meiosis?

  Chromosomes condense in both cells
• How do chromosomes line up during metaphase II in meiosis?

  They line up in a single file line
• What is pulled away during anaphase II in meiosis?

  Chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell
• What follows telophase II in meiosis?

  Cytokinesis occurs to split the cytoplasm
• What occurs during telophase II in meiosis?

  New nuclei form on each side to create new cells
• What type of cells do females produce in meiosis?

  Egg cells
• What is the result of meiosis?

  Four non-identical gametes
• What type of cells do males produce in meiosis?

  Sperm cells
• What does haploid mean in terms of gametes?

  They have half the number of chromosomes as the original cell
• How many chromosomes do human gametes have?

  23 chromosomes
• What happens when a sperm and egg cell combine?

  They form a diploid cell known as a zygote
• What is the overall significance of mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis: Growth and repair of body cells
  • Meiosis: Production of gametes for reproduction
• What does the zygote do after formation?

  It starts a series of divisions using mitosis
• Who is the presenter of the video?

  The Amoeba Sisters
• What is the final reminder given by the presenter?

  To stay curious