gender difference model

• Tannen proposed there are 2 categories of speakers

  High involvement

  High considerateness
• what are high involvement speakers

  • (men) tend to take a very active role in the conversation, be this by leading the conversation or backchanneling (not giving direct responses, but comments like ‘yep’, ‘uh-huh’ and ‘ok’).
• what are high considerateness speakers

  • High considerateness speakers (women) tend to speak more slowly and avoid talking at the same time as someone else.
• • Jennifer Coates researched all-male and all-female groups and states that they converse differently, although topics of conversation tend to be similar.
  • She also states that techniques used by women to maintain conversation aren’t signs of inferiority, but signs of intelligence.
• who states women use house talk 


  deborah jones
• what does house talk compose of

  • Scandal – women discuss the behaviour of others (usually women).
  • Bitching – expression of anger, not because they want something to change, but just as a relief.
  • Chatting – this is an intimate form of gossiping where women mutually self-disclose and nurturing takes place.

  Support for Deborah Jones
• • Deborah Jones' work has been built on by Deborah Cameron. She says that girls bitch because covertly (secretive) dominant behaviour is more acceptable for women.
• • Kate Millett’s research states that 'the tone and ethos of men's house culture is sadistic, power-oriented, and latently homosexual, frequently narcissistic in its energy and motives'.
• whos reaserch states that the tone of mens language is power orientated and narcissistc

  Kate millett
• whos research suggests men use more expletives and insults and swearing 


  kuiper
• pilkington looks at the way a ‘locker-room banter’ is created within all-male groups.

  He found that insults were part of this culture and created bonds.