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PHYSICS
1 FORCES AND MOTION
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Created by
Katerina Garcia
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Cards (50)
How is speed defined?
Speed is defined as the
distance travelled
per
unit time
.
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What does it mean if the speed of something is changing?
If the speed is changing, it is
accelerating
or
decelerating
.
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What is the acceleration of free fall near to the Earth?
The
acceleration
of free fall near to the
Earth
is
constant.
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What is the formula for average speed?
average speed
=
\text{average speed} =
average speed
=
total distance
total time
\frac{\text{total distance}}{\text{total time}}
total time
total distance
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How is velocity defined?
Velocity is the
speed
in a given direction.
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What is acceleration?
Acceleration is the change in
velocity
per unit time
.
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What is the formula for acceleration?
a
=
a =
a
=
change in velocity
time taken
\frac{\text{change in velocity}}{\text{time taken}}
time taken
change in velocity
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What is the equation relating final speed, initial speed, acceleration, and distance?
v
2
=
v^2 =
v
2
=
u
2
+
u^2 +
u
2
+
2
a
s
2as
2
a
s
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In what units is distance measured?
Distance is measured in
metres
(m).
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In what units is time measured?
Time is measured in
seconds
(s).
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In what units are speed and velocity measured?
Speed and velocity are measured in
metres per second
(m/s).
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In what units is acceleration measured?
Acceleration is measured in
metres per second squared
(
m/s<sup>2</sup>
).
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What does the gradient represent in a displacement-time graph?
The gradient is
velocity
.
A negative gradient indicates returning to the starting point.
A horizontal line means it is stationary.
If the displacement is zero, it is back at the starting point.
A curved line means that the velocity is changing (
accelerating/decelerating
).
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What does the gradient represent in a velocity-time graph?
The gradient is
acceleration
.
A negative gradient indicates
deceleration
.
If the speed is zero, it is at
rest
.
A horizontal line means
constant speed
.
The area under the line is the
distance travelled
.
A curved line means that the acceleration is changing.
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What is a vector?
A vector has
magnitude
and
direction
.
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What is a scalar?
A
scalar
has just a
magnitude.
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What are examples of scalars and vectors?
Scalars
:
Distance
Speed
Time
Energy
Vectors
:
Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration
Force
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What can forces change about a body?
Forces can change the
speed
, shape, or
direction
of a body.
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How are forces measured?
Forces
are
measured
in
Newtons
(N).
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What is friction?
Friction is a
force
between two surfaces that impedes motion and results in
heating
.
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What is air resistance?
Air resistance is a form of
friction
.
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How do you find the resultant of two or more forces acting along the same line?
They should be added together if in the same
direction
and subtracted if in the opposite direction.
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What does Newton's first law state?
Newton's first law states that an object has a
constant velocity
unless acted on by a
resultant force
.
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What does Newton's second law state?
Newton's second law states that
F
=
F =
F
=
m
a
ma
ma
.
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What does Newton's third law state?
Newton's third law states that every
action force
has an
equal
and
opposite reaction force
.
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How is mass defined?
Mass is a measure of how much
matter
is in an object, measured in
kilograms
(kg).
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What is weight?
Weight is a
gravitational force
(the effect of a gravitational field on a
mass
).
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What is the formula for weight?
W
=
W =
W
=
m
g
mg
m
g
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What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?
The gravitational field strength on Earth is
10 N/kg
.
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Where does the weight of an object act through?
The weight of an object acts through its
centre of gravity
.
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What happens to a body falling in a uniform gravitational field?
Initially, there is no air resistance; only
weight
acts on it.
As it falls, it
accelerates
, increasing speed and air resistance.
Resultant force downwards decreases as air resistance increases.
Acceleration decreases, leading to a slower increase in speed.
Eventually, forces balance, resulting in no acceleration and reaching
terminal velocity
.
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What is
thinking
distance
?
The distance travelled between realizing the need to brake and pressing the brakes.
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What factors increase thinking distance?
Greater
speed
and slower
reaction time
due to
alcohol
,
tiredness
, or
distractions
.
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What is braking distance?
The distance travelled between pressing the brakes and the
vehicle
coming to a stop.
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What factors increase braking distance?
Greater
speed
or
mass
, and poor road or car
conditions
.
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What is stopping distance?
The stopping distance is the sum of the
thinking distance
and
braking distance
.
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What is deformation in the context of forces?
Deformation is a change in size and shape of a body.
Elastic deformation
: returns to original shape when load is removed (e.g., a spring).
Plastic deformation
: does not return to original shape.
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What does Hooke's law state?
Hooke's law
states
that
F
=
F =
F
=
k
x
kx
k
x
.
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What does a linear force-extension graph indicate?
Indicates elastic deformation following
Hooke's law
.
The point it stops being linear is called the
limit of proportionality
.
Beyond this point, it does not obey Hooke's law.
The gradient represents the
spring constant
, k.
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What does a non-linear force-extension graph indicate?
Indicates deformation not following
Hooke's
law.
After this region, the material will
fracture
.
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See all 50 cards
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