Gibson

    Cards (24)

    • What is Gibson’s direct theory of perception based on?
      It claims that perception is based on what a human can see right in front of their eyes
    • How does Gibson describe the relationship between human perception and immediate surroundings?
      He claimed that human perception ‘feeds’ off the immediate surroundings
    • What does Gibson's theory suggest about the need for prior experience in perception?
      There is no need for prior experience or learning to fill in perceptual gaps
    • When do humans start perceiving the world according to Gibson?
      Humans start perceiving the world from birth
    • What side of the Nature vs. Nurture debate does Gibson's theory align with?
      It falls on the side of nature, suggesting people are born ready to perceive their world
    • Did Gibson distinguish between sensation and perception?
      No, he did not distinguish between sensation and perception
    • What was the purpose of the study conducted by Gibson & Walk in 1960?
      To demonstrate that very young infants show evidence of innate depth perception
    • How was the structure designed in Gibson & Walk's study?
      It was designed so that if a baby crawled on a raised glass top, they would see the ground drop away
    • What did the baby see when crawling on the raised glass top?
      The ground beneath them appeared to have disappeared
    • What was the researchers' hypothesis regarding the babies' behavior at the edge of the patterned tabletop?
      They hypothesized that each baby would stop at the edge and refuse to cross the transparent glass
    • What percentage of babies stopped at the edge of the transparent glass tabletop?
      92%
    • What conclusion did the researchers draw from their study?
      It was evidence that humans are born with depth perception
    • What does motion parallax describe?
      What happens when a human moves through a space
    • How does motion parallax manifest when a person moves through space?
      Objects appear to come towards the person while the destination remains stationary
    • What is visual streaming in the context of motion parallax?
      Continuous movement in one direction stimulates the retina with changing images
    • What does optic flow refer to?
      It refers to the cues the brain receives from optical flow during movement
    • How do objects in the visual field appear to move according to motion parallax?
      Objects closest appear to move faster than those further away
    • How do mid-range objects appear to move in relation to a person moving?
      They move in the opposite direction to the person
    • How do distant objects appear to move in relation to a person moving?
      They move in the same direction as the person
    • In what context does Gibson's theory apply particularly well?
      It applies well to the experience of pilots during landing
    • What information does optical flow provide to pilots?
      It provides information about distance to the ground, obstacles, landing surface, speed, and runway outline
    • According to Gibson, what is sufficient for a pilot to land a plane?
      The patterns made by the light hitting the retina of the pilot
    • What are the strengths of Gibson's direct theory of perception?
      • Used to train pilots, indicating good validity
      • Gibson & Walk's study supports the idea that perception is innate
    • What are the weaknesses of Gibson's direct theory of perception?
      • Cannot explain visual illusions
      • Issues with research involving very young babies:
      • Babies cannot explain their behavior
      • Babies are unpredictable
      • Ethical concerns with procedures like The Cliff Walk
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