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Psychology
Perception
Gibson
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Emily Stallwood
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Cards (24)
What is Gibson’s direct theory of perception based on?
It claims that perception is based on what a human can see right in front of their eyes
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How does Gibson describe the relationship between human perception and immediate surroundings?
He claimed that human perception
‘feeds’
off the immediate surroundings
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What does Gibson's theory suggest about the need for prior experience in perception?
There is no need for prior experience or learning to fill in
perceptual
gaps
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When do humans start perceiving the world according to Gibson?
Humans start perceiving the world from
birth
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What side of the Nature vs. Nurture debate does Gibson's theory align with?
It falls on the side of nature, suggesting people are born ready to
perceive
their world
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Did Gibson distinguish between sensation and perception?
No
, he did not
distinguish
between
sensation
and
perception
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What was the purpose of the study conducted by Gibson & Walk in 1960?
To demonstrate that very young infants show evidence of
innate depth perception
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How was the structure designed in Gibson & Walk's study?
It was designed so that if a baby crawled on a
raised
glass top, they would see the ground drop away
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What did the baby see when crawling on the raised glass top?
The ground beneath them
appeared
to have disappeared
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What was the researchers' hypothesis regarding the babies' behavior at the edge of the patterned tabletop?
They hypothesized that each baby would stop at the edge and refuse to cross the
transparent
glass
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What percentage of babies stopped at the edge of the transparent glass tabletop?
92%
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What conclusion did the researchers draw from their study?
It was evidence that humans are born with
depth perception
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What does motion parallax describe?
What happens when a human moves through a
space
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How does motion parallax manifest when a person moves through space?
Objects appear to come towards the person while the destination remains
stationary
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What is visual streaming in the context of motion parallax?
Continuous movement in one direction stimulates the
retina
with changing images
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What does optic flow refer to?
It refers to the cues the brain receives from
optical flow
during movement
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How do objects in the visual field appear to move according to motion parallax?
Objects
closest
appear to move
faster
than those further away
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How do mid-range objects appear to move in relation to a person moving?
They move in the
opposite
direction to the person
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How do distant objects appear to move in relation to a person moving?
They move in the same
direction
as the person
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In what context does Gibson's theory apply particularly well?
It applies well to the experience of
pilots
during landing
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What information does optical flow provide to pilots?
It provides information about
distance
to the ground,
obstacles
, landing surface, speed, and runway outline
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According to Gibson, what is sufficient for a pilot to land a plane?
The patterns made by the light hitting the
retina
of the pilot
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What are the strengths of Gibson's direct theory of perception?
Used to train pilots, indicating good validity
Gibson &
Walk's
study supports the idea that perception is innate
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What are the weaknesses of Gibson's direct theory of perception?
Cannot explain
visual illusions
Issues with research involving very young babies:
Babies cannot explain their behavior
Babies are unpredictable
Ethical concerns with procedures like
The Cliff Walk
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