Acute & Chronic Injuries

• What is the definition of acute injuries?

  Acute injuries happen suddenly after a stress to the body.
• Give an example of an acute injury.

  A fractured eye socket after being hit with a ball in hockey.
• What does a hard tissue injury involve?

  Damage to the bone, joint, or cartilage, including fractures and dislocations.
• What is a fracture?

  A fracture involves a partial or complete break in the bone.
• What is the difference between simple and compound fractures?

  In simple fractures, the skin remains unbroken; in compound fractures, the bone breaks through the skin.
• What is the definition of an acute injury?

  An acute injury is a sudden injury associated with a traumatic event.
• What are the signs of a fracture?

  Signs of a fracture include deformity, swelling, and discoloration.
• What causes a dislocation?

  A dislocation occurs from a direct force or an indirect source, such as a fall.
• What are the symptoms of a fracture?

  Symptoms of a fracture include pain and inability to move the injured area.
• What are the signs of a dislocation?

  Signs of a dislocation include deformity, swelling, and discoloration.
• What are the symptoms of a dislocation?

  Symptoms of a dislocation include severe pain and loss of movement.
• What are the signs of a contusion and haematoma?

  Signs include swelling and discoloration.
• What are the signs of sprains?

  Signs of sprains include swelling and bruising.
• What causes sprains?

  Sprains are caused by a sudden twist, impact, or fall that forces the joint beyond its extreme range of motion.
• What are the symptoms of sprains?

  Symptoms of sprains include inability to bear weight and pain.
• What causes strains?

  Strains result from over-stretching a muscle.
• What are the signs of strains?

  Signs of strains include swelling/discoloration.
• What can a very serious strain or sprain result in?

  A very serious strain or sprain can result in a rupture.
• What are the symptoms of strains?

  Symptoms of strains include pain on movement and bruising.
• What are blood rules in sports?

  Players must leave the game until the bleeding stops or is covered.
• What is concussion?

  Concussion occurs after a trauma to the head.
• What are some symptoms of concussion?

  Symptoms include headaches, dizziness, and balance problems.
• What can a blow to the head cause?

  A blow to the head can cause swelling and possibly a disruption in the electrical processes of the brain.
• What are the symptoms of concussion?

  Symptoms include headache, dizziness, and nausea.
• What are the signs of concussion?

  Signs include lying motionless, possible post-traumatic seizure, and loss of consciousness.
• What is a chronic injury?

  A chronic injury develops by repeated continued stress on the body over a period of time.
• What is a stress fracture?

  A stress fracture is a tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse.
• What causes shin splints?

  Shin splints are caused by excessive use of the tendons connecting the muscles to the tibia.
• What happens to the surface of the tibia in shin splints?

  The surface of the tibia becomes inflamed, leading to pain in a specific area of the bone.
• What are the differences between acute and chronic injuries?

  • Acute injuries happen suddenly after a stress to the body.
  • Chronic injuries develop by repeated continued stress over time.
• What are the types of hard tissue injuries?

  • Fractures: partial or complete break in the bone.
  • Dislocations: displacement of one bone from another.
• What are the signs and symptoms of concussion?

  Signs:

  • Lying motionless/slow to get up
  • Possible post-traumatic seizure

  
  

  Symptoms:

  • Headache/dizziness
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Balance problems
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Disorientation/confusion
• What are the signs and symptoms of dislocation?

  Signs:

  • Deformity
  • Swelling and discoloration

  
  

  Symptoms:

  • Severe pain
  • Loss of movement
  • May feel a "pop"
• What are the signs and symptoms of fractures?

  Signs:

  • Deformity
  • Swelling
  • Discoloration

  
  

  Symptoms:

  • Pain
  • Inability to move injured area
• What are the signs and symptoms of sprains?

  Signs:

  • Swelling
  • Bruising

  
  

  Symptoms:

  • Inability to bear weight
  • Pain
• What are the signs and symptoms of strains?

  Signs:

  • Swelling/discoloration

  
  

  Symptoms:

  • Pain on movement
  • Bruising
• What are the causes of chronic injuries?

  • Repeated continued stress on the body over time.
  • Overtraining and inadequate recovery.
• What are the signs and symptoms of tendinosis?

  Signs:

  • Limited movement/stiffness

  
  

  Symptoms:

  • Burning/stinging/aching
• What are the common causes of shin splints?

  • Excessive use of tendons connecting muscles to the tibia.
  • Poor footwear or biomechanics.
• What are the signs and symptoms of contusions and haematoma?

  Signs:

  • Swelling and discoloration

  
  

  Symptoms:

  • Pain (at touch in minor cases)