USA

• Social inequality in the USA:

  • educational inequality
  • healthcare
• One economic inequality in the USA is

  • rates of poverty
  • unemployment
• example of female representation

  • women make up 51% of populations
  • women only made up 27% of congress in 2020
  • there never been a female president
  • Vice President kamala harris (2020)
• example of ethnic minority representation

  non-white - 40% population - 23% of congress

  latinos - 19% population - 9% of congress

  blacks - 13% population - 11% of congress

  APIs - 6% population - 3% of congress
• groups less likely to vote

  • Young people don’t vote as they feel ignored  
  • Hispanic/ Latinos might not feel it matter to them, language barriers, lack of education, lack of role models 
  • Black/African Americans feel the systems doesn't work for them, lack of role models  
  • Less educated people may not understand the system properly e.g. ECV  

   
• groups more likely to vote

  • Retired people know how important it is.
  • Educated people tend to be more engaged and understand how it all works so feel invested 
  • White people know voting in the past has benefited them and they have the majority and richer  

   
• example of why ethnic minorities might be under represented because of racism

  • Alexandria Ocasio Cortez got told to go back to her country form Donald Trump
  • trump didn't believe that Obama was American
• what is separation of power

  • the three branches of the govt must stay separate.
  • e.g no individual can belong to more than one branch
  • the constitution are set of rules the government must follow
  • e.g. the right to bear arms (guns)
• power of the presdient

  • head of state
  • can pass emergency laws
  • appoints staff
• example of the president power

  • Declared a national emergency under the Stafford Act in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Donald Trump has appointed Elon Musk as head of the Department of Government Efficiency
• example of senator house of reps

  Kamala was US senator before becoming Vice President
• example of poverty

  • over 40 million American live in poverty
  • 40 million American relay on food stamps for eating
  • 28 million American don't have health care
• example of the constitution

  the right of the people to keep and bear Arms
• example of voting

  156 million people voted in 2024 general election
• example of representation

  • in 2020 57 out of 535 African American were elected in congress
• example of military influence

  • 2021 use spend $801 million on defence
  • 80 base across the world
  • During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 the US government provided military support to Ukraine in the form of arms and medium range ballistic missiles.
• example of economic influence

  • before covid USA was Scotland main source of tourism ($500m)
  • they employe around 100,000 people in Scotland
  • Scotland sells over 4.5b worth of good to the USA
• example of political influence

  
  

  • USA pushed allies to make sanction on Russian after invading unkriane (This could include restricting money or people’s ability to travel)
  • 2021 usa influenced china to agree to tackle climate change
  • keri starter and Donald Trump met in February 2025 - want to be the first to meet (show the strength of the “Special Relationship”. Therefore, the opinion of the US is very important to other countries who will look for US approval)
• housing inequality in the USA

  • 80% of people living in getto's are blacks
  • over 50% of the homeless are people of ethnic minorities (only make up 35% OF THE Population)
  • black and hispancies are 3 times more likely to be poorer than whites
• example of participation

  vote - 2024 election (Kamala v Donald)

  stand as a candidate - AOC stood as a member in congress in 2020

  protest - BLM (15 to 26 million)
• example unemployment inequalities

  black are more likely to be unemployed

  umemployment rates

  black - 6%

  whites - 3%
• what is snap

  provides food to families in poverty
• what is head start

  • educational support to poorer children
• what is ACA

  • cheaper healthcare
• success of snap

  ad - 2.9 million people are over the poverty line

  • pay bill like housing and medication

  dis- kids still likely to drop out

  • black have higher obesity rate (49.6%)
• success of head start

  ad - 300,000 children helped

  • black and Hispanic graduated
  • less education gap

  dis- Hispanic are still more likely to drop out ( 7.9%)

  • 25% of black students further there education
• example of health inequality

  white without health insurance - 5%

  black without health insurance - 10%

  life expectancy at brith (white ) - 79%

  life expectancy at brith (black)- 75%

  
  

  in 2019 9.2% (26milion) people didn't have health care
• example of education equality

  Language barrier - 69% Hispanic and 64% of Asian in high school don't speak English

  location - white are more likely to be susbran areas and Hispanic and again are in cities

  poverty - 48% of student in 4th grade are having free school lunch ed and 77% and 74% are hispanic and black

  dropouts - white 5.2%, back 9.3% and hispanic 7.9%

  • Latino and black are less likely to get disgree
  • Latino 18%
  • black 25%
• success of ACA

  ad - 15 million people got insurance

  dis - black are still more likely to die younger
• why is USA more economically and Socially successfully

  • employment
  • poverty
  • education
• example of why groups are more likely to participate

  • around 80% of the over 60s voted in 2020 compared to around 50% of the under 30s
  • over 70% of those who have been to college voted in 2020 compared to around 40% with less than a high school level of education
  • over 70% of White Americans voted in contrast to around 65% of Black Americans in 2020
• why are some people more likely to vote than other

  • retried American
  • more educated
  • whites
• why are some people less likely to participate in politics

  • younger American
  • black American
  • less education
• example of why some people are less likely to participate in politics

  • For example, around 50% of under 30s voted in 2020 compared to over 80% of over 60s.
  • around 65% of Black Americans voted in 2020 compared to over 70% of White Americans
  • 40% of people with less than a high school education vote in contrast to over 70% of people who have been to college that vote.
• example of why women/ ethnic minorities are underrepresented

  • there has never been a female president
  • 75% of Congress are Men / White and most governors in the USA are Men / White
  • around $14 Billion was spent in the 2020 election which shows how expensive it can be
• why are women/ethnic monitories underrepresented

  • lack of role models
  • sexism
  • hard for them to get elected
  • cost of the US election