1.6 ethic-environmental

• What legislation was introduced by the European Union in 2018 to protect data privacy?

  GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)
• What did the UK do in response to the GDPR in 2018?

  Updated the Data Protection Act to become the Data Protection Act (2018)
• What does the Data Protection Act (2018) protect?

  The data of individuals stored on computers and processed by organisations
• Who is referred to as a data subject?

  A person whose data is stored
• What is the role of a data controller?

  To register with the Information Commissioner and manage data collection
• Who manages the Data Protection Act in the UK?

  The Information Commissioner
• What are the categories of issues created by technology?

  Cultural, Environmental, Ethical, Legal & Privacy issues
• What does the term "Digital Divide" refer to?

  The gap between those with access to modern digital technology and those with limited access
• What must a data controller clarify when registering with the Information Commissioner?

  What information they are collecting, why it is being collected, and what the data will be used for
• How can the digital divide be observed in society?

  Through differences in access between urban and rural areas, younger and elderly people, and developed and developing countries
• What are the six principles of the Data Protection Act (2018)?

  1. Collected lawfully and processed fairly
  2. Only used for specified reasons
  3. Relevant and not excessive
  4. Accurate and up-to-date
  5. Not stored longer than necessary
  6. Stored and processed securely
• Why is the digital divide considered an ethical issue?

  Because it leads to uneven international benefits from digital technologies
• What was the purpose of the Computer Misuse Act (1990)?

  To stop and punish inappropriate use of computers
• What can result from breaking any of the three principles of the Computer Misuse Act?

  Fines and a jail sentence
• Which regions are primarily benefiting from digital technologies?

  Technologically-advanced regions such as North America, Western Europe, and Japan
• What are some challenges faced by regions with limited digital infrastructure?

  Poor internet speeds, high costs, and limited resources
• What are the three main principles of the Computer Misuse Act (1990)?

  1. No unauthorised access to data
  2. No unauthorised access to data for illegal activities
  3. No unauthorised modification of data
• How has technology changed the way people work?

  • Increased remote work capabilities
  • Collaborative document access outside traditional workplaces
  • Outsourcing jobs to countries with lower labor costs
• What does the Copyright, Designs & Patents Act (1988) prohibit?

  Copying work without permission from the creator
• What types of work does the Copyright, Designs & Patents Act (1988) cover?

  Text, images, music, videos, or software
• What is one negative impact of technology on jobs?

  Loss of low-skilled jobs due to automation
• What are the environmental issues associated with technology?

  Negative effects from producing, using, and discarding computer systems and devices
• What can copyright owners do if their work is stolen?

  Bring legal proceedings in court against the infringer
• What materials are commonly used to assemble technological devices?

  Plastics, metals, and rare elements
• What is a challenge faced by copyright owners in the digital age?

  It is difficult to trace who has stolen work once uploaded to the internet
• How much energy can a typical PC require compared to a fridge?

  Up to 50% more energy per year
• What actions are specifically prohibited by the Copyright, Designs & Patents Act (1988)?

  1. Making copies of copyrighted material to sell
  2. Importing and downloading illegally copied material (except for personal use)
  3. Distributing enough copyrighted material to affect the copyright holder
  4. Possessing equipment used to copy copyrighted material for business
• What are the consequences of discarded computer components?

  They can lead to land, water, and air pollution due to harmful materials
• What is a software licence?

  A legal agreement on how a user can use software
• What are the two main types of software licences?

  1. Open Source Licence
  2. Proprietary Licence
• What is a drone?

  An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is remotely operated
• What are the uses of drones?

  • Filming and photography
  • Monitoring pollution levels
  • Tracking wildlife
  • Disaster zone response
  • Delivery of goods
• What does open source software allow users to do?

  View and modify the source code
• Give examples of open source software.

  Linux, Python, and Firefox
• What are some benefits of self-driving cars?

  They are safer and more fuel-efficient than human-driven cars
• What is a drawback of self-driving cars?

  They could crash due to software failures
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of open source software?

  Benefits:

  • Customizable to organization’s needs
  • Often low in price or free
  • Community collaboration for improvements

  
  

  Drawbacks:

  • Security risks from malicious code
  • Difficult to receive support
  • Requires technical skills to adapt
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of artificial intelligence (AI)?

  Benefits:

  • Speeds up data processing
  • Available when humans are not
  • Completes repetitive tasks

  
  

  Drawbacks:

  • Can invade privacy
  • Mistakes in programming can have serious consequences
  • May provide incorrect results
• What is a proprietary licence?

  A licence where users cannot view or modify the source code
• What are examples of proprietary software?

  Microsoft Office, Fortnite, and Spotify