development

• What are ways to help cognitive development in classrooms, according to Willingham?

  • remember students abilities are variable and can change often
  • understand child’s stage of development when planning classroom activities
  • use problems that are new and within a students ability but also requires some effort
• Ways to help physical development in classroom, according to Willingham?

  • focus on what movements will be suitable and in what order they need to be carried out
  • practice movements in that order enough times to make muscle commands automatic
• ways to help social development in classrooms, according to Willingham?

  • demonstrate appropriate social behaviours as children will imitate this
  • help children stop impulsive behaviour so they can develop more suitable responses in social situations
• What is a strength for Willinghams theory?

  • has practical applications so it can be used in real life (eg classrooms) so theory is useful
  • Repacholi and Gopnicks study supports this theory because it suggested children were egocentric before Piaget suggested, meaning Willingham was right
• What is a weakness for Willinghams theory?

  • his ideas comes from areas of neuroscience, memory theory and cognitive development so his ideas are not one singular theory meaning it is difficult to test his theory
  • He didn’t emphasise individual differences in learning and he relates some of his theory to genes. Genes cannot be easily changed with strategies and all children are different.
• What is morality?

  Principles or standards of right and wrong behavior.
• What is the role of the cerebellum?

  Cerebellum manages motor commands sent from the central nervous system. Helps motor skills such as balance when learning to walk.
• What are the four stages of Piagets development theory ?

  Sensorimotor

  preoperational

  concrete operational

  formal operational
• what does the medulla control?


  Responsible for sending information from our brain to the rest of the body via the spinal cord. Controls sneezing, coughing, voluntary responses etc
• what is object permanence?


  The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible.
• what is symbolic play?


  Imaginative play using objects to represent something else.
• what is animism?


  believing that objects act as if they are alive
• what is senation ?


  sorting objects
• what is decentration?


  Decentration is the ability to focus on multiple aspects of a situation and consider them all at once.
• what is assimilation?


  incorporating new information into existing schemas
• What is accommodation?


  The process of adjusting one's schemas because of new experiences.
• what is a mindset?


  A set of beliefs or attitudes held by an individual about our ability to succeed
• what is an entity motivational framework?


  children thinking they are born with ability
• what is incremental motivational framework?


  children can see ability can change with effort