Lecture XVIII

• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 1: BLOOD SUPPLY

  • cells require lots of oxygen
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 1: BLOOD SUPPLY

  • cells require lots of oxygen
  • run on aerobic metabolism only
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 1: BLOOD SUPPLY

  • cells require lots of oxygen
  • run on aerobic metabolism only
  • coronary arteries supply high oxygen blood, first branches off aorta
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 1: BLOOD SUPPLY

  • cells require lots of oxygen
  • run on aerobic metabolism only
  • coronary arteries supply high oxygen blood, first branches off aorta
  • anastomoses: alternative routes for blood flow to overcome blockages
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL

  • heart has its own pacemaker
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL

  • heart has its own pacemaker
  • intrinsic rhythm
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL

  • heart has its own pacemaker
  • intrinsic rhythm
  • set by autorhythmic cells
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL

  • heart has its own pacemaker
  • intrinsic rhythm
  • set by autorhythmic cells
  • autonomic nervous system can influence pace
• Added Notes:

  • autorhythmic cells may or may not listen to nervous system
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL. a: SYMPATHETIC CHAIN GANGLIA

  • release norepinephrine
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL. a: SYMPATHETIC CHAIN GANGLIA

  • release norepinephrine
  • heart has adrenergic receptors
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL. a: SYMPATHETIC CHAIN GANGLIA

  • release norepinephrine
  • heart has adrenergic receptors
  • raise heart rate
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL. b: VAGUS NERVE

  • release acetylcholine
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL. b: VAGUS NERVE

  • release acetylcholine
  • heart has muscarinic receptors
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. C: ACCESSORIES. 2: NERVOUS CONTROL. b: VAGUS NERVE

  • release acetylcholine
  • heart has muscarinic receptors
  • slows heart rate
• Added Notes:

  • parasympathetic system is most dominate
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM

  • serous membrane: double layer membrane that secretes fluid called transudate
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM

  • serous membrane: double layer membrane that secretes fluid called transudate
  • lubricates movement and prevent friction with other/outside parts
• Added Notes:

  • friction = heart scar tissue, which is bad
• Added Notes:

  • chronic hypertension is a condition where blood pressure is consistently above normal levels
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 1: FUNCTION

  • lubricate heart so it moves easily
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 1: FUNCTION

  • lubricate heart so it moves easily
  • anchors and protects the heart
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. a: VISCERAL

  • also known as epicardium
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. a: VISCERAL

  • also known as epicardium
  • deep, touches the heart muscle fibers
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. a: VISCERAL

  • also known as epicardium
  • deep, touches the heart muscle fibers
  • made of mesothelium
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. a: VISCERAL

  • also known as epicardium
  • deep, touches the heart muscle fibers
  • made of mesothelium
  • simple squamous epithelium which secretes transudate
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. a: VISCERAL

  • also known as epicardium
  • deep, touches the heart muscle fibers
  • made of mesothelium
  • simple squamous epithelium which secretes transudate
  • areolar connective: blood supply
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. b: FLUID

  • in pericardial cavity
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. b: FLUID

  • in pericardial cavity
  • called pericardial fluid
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. b: FLUID

  • in pericardial cavity
  • called pericardial fluid
  • lubricates heart surface
• Added Notes:

  • blood should not be in the pericardial cavity
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. c: PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

  • mesothelium, areolar connective
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. c: PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

  • mesothelium, areolar connective
  • superficial fibrous layer, made of dense irregular connective
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. c: PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

  • mesothelium, areolar connective
  • superficial fibrous layer, made of dense irregular connective
  • holds heart in position
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. D: PERICARDIUM. 2: STRUCTURE. c: PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

  • mesothelium, areolar connective
  • superficial fibrous layer, made of dense irregular connective
  • holds heart in position
  • anchors major blood vessels, trachea, primary bronchi
• Added Notes:

  • visceral layer doesn't have the superficial fibrous layer
• Added Notes:

  • the parietal pericardium keeps the heart from moving
• I: CELLULAR STRUCTURE. A: CONTRACTILE CELLS

  • 99% of myocardium
• I: CELLULAR STRUCTURE. A: CONTRACTILE CELLS

  • 99% of myocardium
  • relies on this type of respiration, aerobic respiration
• I: CELLULAR STRUCTURE. A: CONTRACTILE CELLS

  • 99% of myocardium
  • relies on this type of respiration, aerobic respiration
  • cannot fatigue over time and effort