ATOMIC STRUCTURE

• How many electrons are present in a sodium atom?

  11 electrons
• What does each ring in the atomic diagram represent?

  Each ring represents an energy level
• How many energy levels does a sodium atom have?

  Three energy levels
• What is the nucleus of an atom composed of?

  The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons
• What is the relative mass of protons and neutrons?

  Each has a relative mass of one
• Why do atoms have a neutral charge?

  Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons
• What is the atomic number of sodium?

  11
• What does the top number in the periodic table square represent?

  The relative atomic mass of the element
• What is the relative charge of neutrons?

  Zero
• What is the electron configuration of sodium?

  1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
• How do the energy levels and subshells relate to electron configuration?

  Energy levels contain subshells which hold electrons
• What are the letters used to denote subshells?

  S, P, D, and F
• How many orbitals does the P subshell have?

  Three orbitals
• How many electrons can each orbital hold?

  Two electrons
• What is the maximum number of electrons that the D subshell can hold?

  Ten electrons
• What is the significance of the order in which electrons fill subshells?

  It determines the electron configuration of the atom
• How does the filling order of subshells relate to the periodic table?

  It corresponds to the arrangement of elements in the periodic table
• If asked for the electron configuration of an ion, what must you consider?

  You must adjust the number of electrons based on the charge of the ion
• What is the electron configuration notation for the first energy level?

  1s
• Why is the F subshell often excluded in basic discussions of electron configuration?

  It adds unnecessary complexity for basic understanding
• How does the concept of orbitals differ from the idea of electrons being static?

  Orbitals represent areas where electrons are most likely to be found, not fixed paths
• How would you write the electron configuration for an atom with 12 electrons?

  1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
• What is the maximum number of electrons that the S subshell can hold?

  Two electrons
• What does the notation "2p⁶" indicate in electron configuration?

  It indicates that there are six electrons in the 2p subshell
• How does the electron configuration of sodium relate to its position in the periodic table?

  Sodium's electron configuration reflects its group and period in the periodic table
• If you were to find the electron configuration of an element with atomic number 20, what would it be?

  1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²
• What are the key components of atomic structure discussed in the video?

  • Electrons in energy levels
  • Nucleus composed of protons and neutrons
  • Relative atomic mass and atomic number
  • Electron configuration
• What are the characteristics of orbitals in relation to electron configuration?

  • Orbitals are regions where electrons are most likely to be found
  • S subshell has 1 orbital (2 electrons)
  • P subshell has 3 orbitals (6 electrons)
  • D subshell has 5 orbitals (10 electrons)
• What is the filling order of subshells in electron configuration?

  1. 1s
  2. 2s
  3. 2p
  4. 3s
  5. 3p
  6. 4s
  7. 3d
  8. 4p
• How do you determine the electron configuration for an ion?

  • Identify the atomic number
  • Adjust the number of electrons based on the ion's charge
  • Write the electron configuration accordingly
• How many electrons can the S subshell hold?

  2
• How many electrons can the P subshell hold?

  6
• What does the notation 1s² represent?

  It indicates that there are 2 electrons in the 1s subshell.
• What is the significance of the numbers 2, 4, 10, and 11 in electron configurations?

  They indicate the number of electrons in each subshell.
• What is the electron configuration for an atom with 8 electrons?

  1s² 2s² 2p⁴
• What does the bus seating rule describe in electron configurations?

  It describes how electrons fill orbitals, filling empty ones before pairing up.
• If an atom has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹, how many total electrons does it have?

  11
• How does the electron configuration of titanium (22 electrons) proceed after filling the 3p subshell?

  It continues with 4s² and then 3d².
• What is the shorthand notation for the electron configuration of titanium?

  [Ar] 4s² 3d²
• What happens to the electron configuration of magnesium when it becomes Mg²⁺?

  It loses the 3s² electrons, resulting in 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.