Anatomical Terminology

• What are the anatomical planes of reference?

  • Dorsal
  • Median (mid-sagittal)
  • Paramedian (sagittal)
  • Transverse
• What does the term 'dorsal' refer to in anatomical terminology?

  The back of an animal.
• What is the definition of the 'transverse' plane?

  A plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.
• What are the directional terms used in veterinary anatomy?

  • Left/Right
  • Dorsal/Ventral
  • Cranial/Caudal
  • Lateral/Medial
  • Proximal/Distal
  • Superficial/Deep
  • Palmar & Plantar
• What do the terms 'proximal' and 'distal' refer to?

  'Proximal' refers to being closer to the point of attachment, while 'distal' refers to being further away.
• What do 'palmar' and 'plantar' refer to in anatomical terminology?

  'Palmar' refers to the front paw surface, while 'plantar' refers to the back paw surface.
• What are the movement descriptors in veterinary anatomy?

  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Overextension
  4. Adduction
  5. Abduction
  6. Circumduction
  7. Pronation
  8. Supination
• What is flexion in the context of joint movement?

  It is the bending of a joint, decreasing the angle between two body parts.
• What does extension refer to in joint movement?

  It is the straightening of a joint, increasing the angle between two body parts.
• What is overextension of the fetlock?

  It refers to excessive straightening of the fetlock joint.
• What does adduction mean in terms of limb movement?

  It is the movement of a limb towards the midline of the body.
• What is abduction in the context of limb movement?

  It is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
• What does circumduction refer to in joint movement?

  It is a circular movement of a limb at a joint.
• What is pronation in terms of limb movement?

  It is the rotation of a limb towards the inside.
• What does supination refer to in limb movement?

  It is the rotation of a limb towards the outside.
• What is meant by the dorsal plane?

  The plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts.
• What is meant by the median/mid-sagittal plane?

  The plane that divides the body into the left and right parts.
• What is meant by the paramedian/sagittal plane?

  The plane that divides the body into uneven left and right parts