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Topic 5 Homeostasis and Response
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Created by
Mardhiyah Adekunle
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Cards (170)
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a constant
internal
environment
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Why is homeostasis necessary for the body?
It is needed for
enzyme action
and all
cell functions
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What does homeostasis control in the human body?
Blood
glucose concentration
Body temperature
Water levels
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What role do nervous and hormonal communication play in homeostasis?
They are involved in
automatic control systems
that detect changes and respond to them
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What are the components of control systems in homeostasis?
Receptors: detect
stimuli
Coordination centres
: process information
Effectors: bring about
responses
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What are receptors in the context of homeostasis?
Cells that detect
stimuli
(changes in the
environment
)
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What is the function of coordination centres in homeostasis?
They process the information received from the
receptors
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What are effectors in the homeostasis control system?
Muscles or glands that bring about
responses
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What is the role of the nervous system?
It allows us to react to our
surroundings
and coordinate actions in response to
stimuli
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What do receptor cells do?
Convert a
stimulus
into an
electrical impulse
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How does an electrical impulse travel in the nervous system?
It travels along
sensory neurons
to the
central nervous system
(CNS)
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What happens in the CNS after receiving an electrical impulse?
The information is
processed
and an appropriate response is
coordinated
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What are motor neurons responsible for?
Sending
electrical impulses
to
effectors
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What are reflexes?
Automatic
responses that occur before you have time to think
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What is a reflex arc?
A
stimulus
is detected by
receptors
Impulses are sent along a
sensory neuron
The impulse passes to a
relay neuron
in the
CNS
Impulses are sent along a
motor neuron
The impulse reaches an
effector
resulting in a response
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What is an example of a reflex arc?
Pupils
getting smaller to avoid damage from bright lights
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What are synapses?
Gaps between two
neurons
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What happens when an impulse reaches the end of the first neuron at a synapse?
A chemical is released into the
synapse
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How does the chemical released at a synapse affect the second neuron?
It triggers the
impulse
to begin again in the next neuron
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What is reaction time?
The time it takes to respond to a
stimulus
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How can reaction time be measured?
With the
ruler drop test
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What is the brain made up of?
Many connected
neurons
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What does the cerebral cortex control?
Consciousness
,
intelligence
,
memory
, and language
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Where is the cerebellum located?
Towards the bottom/back of the
brain
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What is the function of the medulla?
Controls
unconscious
actions such as
breathing
and
heart rate
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Why is investigating brain function difficult?
The brain is complex and delicate
It is easily damaged
Drugs
cannot always reach the brain
It is not fully understood which part does what
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How do neuroscientists map out brain regions?
By studying patients with
brain damage
, electrically stimulating parts of the brain, and using MRI scanning techniques
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What can studying patients with brain damage reveal?
Information on the role of
specific
brain areas
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What does electrically stimulating different parts of the brain involve?
Pushing an
electrode
into the brain to observe changes
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What is the purpose of MRI scanning techniques?
To create an image of the
brain
and show affected areas
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What is the function of the retina?
It contains
light-sensitive
cells that send
impulses
to the brain
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What does the optic nerve do?
It carries impulses from the
retina
to the brain
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What is the sclera?
The white outer layer of the eye that supports its structures
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What is the function of the cornea?
It allows light through and bends it to focus on the
retina
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How does the iris control pupil size?
By contracting or relaxing
muscles
that surround the pupil
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What happens to the pupil in bright light?
The
circular muscles
contract and
radial muscles
relax
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What happens to the pupil in dim light?
The
circular muscles
relax and
radial muscles
contract
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What is the process of accommodation in the eye?
To
focus
on a
near
object:
Ciliary muscles
contract
Suspensory ligaments
loosen
Lens becomes thicker and more curved
To focus on a
distant
object:
Ciliary muscles relax
Suspensory ligaments tighten
Lens becomes thinner
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What is myopia?
Short sightedness where
distant
objects appear blurry
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What is hyperopia?
Long sightedness where the
lens
is too flat
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See all 170 cards
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