hyrdocarbons

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on crude oil?

  How crude oil is formed, the meaning of hydrocarbons and alkanes, and the structural formula for alkanes
• What is meant by a hydrocarbon?

  A hydrocarbon is a molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only
• What are alkanes?

  Alkanes are a type of hydrocarbon that have the general formula $C_nH_{2n+2}$
• What are some products derived from crude oil?

  • Plastics
  • Petrol
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Cosmetics
• How is crude oil formed?

  Crude oil is formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny sea creatures called plankton
• Why is crude oil considered a finite resource?

  Because if we continue using it, crude oil will eventually run out
• What is the formula for methane?

  The formula for methane is $CH_4$
• What is the definition of a hydrocarbon?

  A hydrocarbon is a molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only
• How many hydrogen atoms are in methane?

  Methane contains four hydrogen atoms
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  The general formula for alkanes is $C_nH_{2n+2}$
• If an alkane has one carbon atom, how many hydrogen atoms does it have?

  It has four hydrogen atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms are in ethane, which has two carbon atoms?

  Ethane has six hydrogen atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms does propane have if it has three carbon atoms?

  Propane has eight hydrogen atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms does butane have if it has four carbon atoms?

  Butane has ten hydrogen atoms
• What are the structures of the first four alkanes that you need to memorize?

  • Methane: $CH_4$
  • Ethane: $C_2H_6$
  • Propane: $C_3H_8$
  • Butane: $C_4H_{10}$
• Why are alkanes considered saturated molecules?

  Because the carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen atoms
• What is the significance of the general formula for alkanes in exams?

  It can be used to calculate the number of hydrogen atoms based on the number of carbon atoms
• What area of chemistry focuses on compounds containing carbon?

  Organic chemistry
• Why is carbon considered useful in making large compounds?

  It can form four strong bonds
• What are hydrocarbons defined as?

  Compounds formed from carbon and hydrogen only
• What is the name of the hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10?

  Butane
• Why is butanol not considered a hydrocarbon?

  It contains an oxygen atom
• What is the simplest alkane?

  Methane
• How many hydrogen atoms are in ethane?

  Six
• What is the molecular formula for propane?

  C3H8
• How do the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms change in alkanes?

  They increase by one carbon and two hydrogens
• What is a homologous series in organic chemistry?

  • Groups of organic compounds
  • Similar properties
  • React in similar ways
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  CnH2n+2
• If an alkane has three carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it have?

  Eight
• What is the molecular formula for octane?

  C8H18
• What does it mean for alkanes to be saturated compounds?

  Every carbon has four single covalent bonds
• What happens if a single bond in propane is changed to a double bond?

  It becomes an alkene
• What will be covered in the next video about alkanes?

  • Properties of alkanes
  • Writing equations for combustion
• What is the formula for butane?

  C4H10
• What is the formula for butanol?

  C4H10O
• What is the significance of carbon's ability to form four bonds?

  It allows for complex molecule formation