Importance of atp

• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine triphosphate
• What is the role of ATP in living cells?

  It is the universal energy carrier found in all living cells
• Where is ATP produced in cells?

  In the internal membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is ATP synthesized?

  ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase as protons flow through it down an electrochemical gradient
• What enzyme is involved in the synthesis of ATP?

  ATP synthase
• What is the flow of protons across the mitochondrial membrane?

  H+ flows across the inner membrane from the intermembrane space into the matrix
• What is the flow of protons across the chloroplast membrane?

  H+ flows across the thylakoid membrane from the thylakoid space into the stroma
• What is the definition of chemiosmosis?

  The synthesis of ATP through the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient across a membrane
• How is the proton gradient maintained during chemiosmosis?

  By the active transport of H+ across the membrane by proton pumps
• What is the electron transport chain?

  A series of electron carrier proteins that transfer electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions
• How can dehydrogenase activity in chloroplasts be investigated?

  Using artificial hydrogen acceptors such as DCPIP, methylene blue, and tetrazolium compounds
• What colour change is observed when DCPIP is reduced?

  Blue to colourless
• What colour change is observed when methylene blue is reduced?

  Blue to colourless