Psychodynamic

• What were the assumptions of the psychodynamic 


  1.our behaviour is driven by unconscious motives

  2. The personality is made up out of the id, ego and superego

  3. Mental disorders arise from unresolved, unconscious, conflicts from childhood
• What are the three personalities


  I’d: instincts and pleasure principle (devil)

  Ego: reality principle

  Superego: morality principle
• Explain: conscious, preconscious, unconscious


  conscious: the part of the mind we are aware of

  Preconscious: memories and thoughts that aren’t all accessible but can be recalled

  Unconscious: deep shameful park where repressed thoughts, memories and feelings lay
• which parts of consciousness are the id, ego and superego


  preconscious is ego and super ego, unconscious is id
• Id- Instinctual drives that seek immediate gratification without regard to consequences or social norms.
• What are frueds psychosexual stages


  Oral- the mouth, sucking (ego develops)

  Anal- the anus holding in or expelling poop

  Phallic- genitals, masturbation(super ego develops)

  Latent- little or no sexual motivation
• What are the fixations of the oral, anal and Phallic stages


  Oral: smoking, nail biting in later life

  Anal: too harsh then they become perfectionist and like to be tidy. If too relaxed then they become messy and untidy people

  Phallic: abnormal family relations can result in one having vanity, sexual obsession, envy
• Explain the details of oral stage


  Sucking and biting gives pleasure . If they get too little of this pleasure they'll be pessimistic and sarcastic. If too much then they'll be gullible, overunthusiastic and overweight. Both of these make addictive personalities like smoking and nail biting
• Explain the details of the anal stage


  Libido focuses of the anus. Children gets pleasure from controlling their body and this includes retaining or expelling poop. If retained then they'll be perfectionist, if expelled they'll be messy
• When do I'd, ego and superego develop


  Id- at birth

  Ego- 3 years

  Superego- 6 years
• What are the defense mechanisms of psychodynamic 


  • Denial: Reject thought or feeling so you don't have to deal with anything associated with the event. People can regress, so going back to immature behaviours or do sublimation which is where you redirect the feeling into a activity
  • Repression: thought/feeling is blocked out of consciousness, may impact behaviour without knowing. People do this by projecting onto others or reaction formation (redirect to alternative behaviour.
• What's displacement in terms of defense mechanisms 


  Displacement: redirect feelings onto another helpless target by projecting or rationalising your thoughts with socially acceptable motive
• How can defense mechanisms lead to mental disorders

  Anxiety, distress in a person without knowing the reason why, triggered by similar events leading to depression
• What's the Phallic stage


  Libido focuses on genitals and develop a strong attachment to parent of opposite sex. Son attracted to mom is called oedipus complex, daughter stracted to dad is electra complex
• What's the oedipus complex


  Age 5 son starts having sexual attraction to mom and is jealous of dad
• What's the electra complex


  Girls believe they used to have a Penistone but their mom cut it off, so girls develop Penis envy, so she's attracted to her father. freud did not believe this in the end.
• What is the little hans case study


  5 year old boy had a phobia of horses, Freud said his fear of horses was an ego defense mechanism and had displaced the fear her felt from his father to the horse because he feels like he's in competition for his mother's love with his dad
• What are the 2 strengths for the psychodynamic approach


  Led to the development of psychoanalysis treatment which is proven to be effective. Biskup et all 2005 found that after psychoanalytic therapy 77% of patients showed clinical improvements.

  . The case of little hans supports the concepts of the phallic stage, Repression and the oedipus complex
• What are two weaknesses for the psychodynamic approach


  It's culturally biasef because all of his patients were Vietnamese middle class so it's not universally representative and can't be generalised

  . Its gender bias because is oedipus complex is androgenic and its irrelevant to understanding women