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• What topics will be covered in these lectures?

  Dietary Reference Values (DRVs), Macronutrients, Selected Micronutrients, Nutrition through Lifecycle
• What is the purpose of discussing nutrient recommendations in the UK?

  To discuss the rationale and evidence on which nutrient recommendations were developed
• What aspects of nutrients will be discussed in the lectures?

  Structure, function, sources, requirements, intakes, deficiency, and toxicity of nutrients
• How do physiological changes throughout the lifecycle impact nutritional requirements?

  They affect the nutritional requirements at different stages of life
• How is 'Nutrition' defined in the study material?

  Nutrition is difficult to define but involves eating for energy and nutrients for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues
• Why is good nutrition important?

  It ensures obtaining the right nutrients in the right amounts and combinations
• What can poor nutrition lead to?

  Deficiency diseases, malnutrition, and chronic diseases
• What are the benefits of better nutrition according to WHO 2023?

  Improved health outcomes, stronger immune systems, and lower risk of chronic diseases
• What are Dietary Reference Values (DRVs)?

  Quantitative amounts for population subgroups for essential micronutrients, energy, and protein
• What is the difference between Dietary Allowances (DRVs) and Dietary Goals?

  DRVs prevent deficiencies, while Dietary Goals aim to prevent long-term chronic disease
• What do Dietary Guidelines aim to promote?

  Overall nutritional wellbeing through broad targets for individuals
• What is the average calcium intake recommendation for boys aged 11-14 years in the UK?

  1,000 mg/d
• What is the recommended average intake of fruit and vegetables per person per day?

  At least 5 portions per person per day (> 400g per day)
• What is the recommended average intake of oily fish per person per week?

  One portion (140g) per person per week
• What is the average intake of red and processed meat recommended per person per day?

  Around 70g per person per day
• What is the recommended average intake of total fat as a percentage of food energy?

  No more than 35% of food energy
• What is the recommended average intake of salt per day?

  To reduce to 6g per day
• What is the recommended average intake of dietary fibre for adults (16+)?

  30g/day
• What is the average energy intake recommended for women and men per day?

  Women: 2,000 kcal; Men: 2,500 kcal
• What was the first attempt to set standards for nutrient intakes aimed at?

  Preventing starvation and associated diseases
• What was the significance of the 1991 DRVs publication?

  It covered a range of nutrients and provided a variety of values
• How are Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) derived?

  By reviewing scientific evidence and using expert judgment
• What is the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?

  The mean requirement for a nutrient that meets the needs of about half of a population

  
• What is the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI)?

  An intake calculated as two standard deviations above the EAR, meeting the needs of most people

  
• What is the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (LRNI)?

  An intake calculated as two standard deviations below the EAR, meeting the needs of few people
• What does the term 'Safe Intake' refer to?

  A level of a nutrient with no risk of deficiency but below a level where there is a risk of undesirable effects

  
• What factors are considered when adjusting DRVs?

  Age, gender, body weight, physical activity level, pregnancy, and lactation
• What are some limitations in establishing DRVs with confidence?

  Insufficient data, errors in food composition tables, and uncertainty about biological markers
• What is the role of the SACN?

  To provide advice on nutrition to government agencies and public health
• What is the significance of the term 'normal distribution of requirements' in DRVs?

  It indicates that nutrient requirements vary among individuals in a population

  
• What is the importance of dietary recommendations?

  They help to prevent deficiencies and promote optimal nutrition
• How does the concept of 'optimal nutrition' differ from just preventing deficiency?

  Optimal nutrition maximizes physiological and mental function while minimizing disease development
• What is the definition of 'requirement' according to the panel?

  The amount of nutrient needed to prevent deficiency and maintain health
• What does the DRV for any nutrient presuppose?

  That the requirement for energy and other nutrients is satisfied and the individual is in good health
• What is the significance of the 40mg/d recommendation for Vitamin C in the UK?

  It is the level at which measurable amounts are detected in plasma
• What is the role of dietary reference values in public health?

  They guide nutritional policies and recommendations for populations
• What is the significance of the term 'biological marker of nutritional adequacy'?

  It indicates the level of nutrient intake necessary to maintain health

  
• What is the relationship between diet composition and nutrient absorption?

  The composition of the diet affects how nutrients are absorbed and utilized by the body
• What is the importance of nutrient monitoring and surveillance?

  To assess the nutritional status of populations and identify public health issues
• How do dietary recommendations impact vulnerable groups?

  They address specific nutritional needs and risks associated with these populations