Organic reactions

• What is a homologous series?

  A group of compounds with the same functional group
• What is a functional group?

  A group of atoms that determines the properties of a compound
• What are alkenes?

  A homologous series with a double carbon-carbon bond
• What is the general formula for alkenes?

  CnH2n
• What is the product from an addition reaction of an alkene with a halogen?

  A haloalkane
• What is the product from the addition reaction of an alkene with hydrogen?

  An alkane
• What conditions are required for the addition reaction of an alkene with steam?

  High temperature, high pressure, and a catalyst
• What are alcohols?

  A homologous series with an -OH group
• How are alcohols produced?

  Steam with an alkene or fermentation
• What conditions are required to produce alcohols by fermenting?

  Sugar solution with yeast mixed in, warm, sealed vessel
• Name the first four alcohols.

  Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
• What are the products of a reaction between an alcohol and sodium?

  Hydrogen and an alkoxide
• What is the organic product formed by the oxidation of an alcohol?

  A carboxylic acid
• Name an oxidising agent.

  Acidified potassium dichromate
• What are carboxylic acids?

  A homologous series with a -COOH group
• What do carboxylic acids form when they react with sodium carbonate?

  Salt, carbon dioxide, water
• How are carboxylic acids produced?

  Oxidation of alcohols
• Name the first four carboxylic acids.

  Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid
• What is the organic product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

  An ester
• What catalyst is normally used in the formation of esters?

  Concentrated sulfuric acid
• What occurs when pure carboxylic acids are added to water?

  A weak acid is formed