Equilibria

• What is dynamic equilibrium

  When the forward and backward rate of reaction is the same and is at a constant rate.

  It can only occur in a closed system.
• Define Le chateliers principle

  A system at equilibrium will counteract any change made to it.
• Effect of changing pressure on equilibrium

  • increasing pressure: equilibrium move to the side with less moles, equilibrium favours the forward reaction, yield increases

  
  

  • decreasing pressure: equilibrium moves to the side with more moles, equilibrium favours the backwards reaction, yield decreases
• Effect of temperature on an ENDOTHERMIC reaction

  • increase in temperature: equilibrium favours the endothermic side, it favours the foward reaction, increasing yield

  
  

  • decrease in temperature: equilibrium favours the exothermic side, it favours the backwards reaction, decreasing the yield
• Effect of temperature on EXOTHERMIC reaction

  • increase in temperature: equilibrium favours endothermic side, if favours the backwards reaction decreasing yield

  
  

  • decrease in temperature: equilibrium favours exothermic side, it favours the foward reaction, increasing yield
• Effect of concentration on equilibrium

  • increase in concentration of reactant: equilibrium shifts right towards product, increasing amount of product, increasing yield.

  
  

  •decrease in concentration of reactant: equilibrium shifts to the left, favouring the backwards reaction, decreasing yield
• Effect of catalyst on equilibrium

  • Catalysts have no effect on equilibrium

  • It speeds up the forwards and backwards reaction simultaneously
• ICE table example

  
• Kc expression/units example

  
• Kc example