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Sociology
Theory & Methods
Marxism
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Hafsah
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Cards (24)
What is the main focus of Marxism?
Class conflict
in
capitalist
society
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Who are the two main classes in Marxism?
Bourgeoisie
and
proletariat
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How does the ruling class exploit the working class according to Marx?
By paying
low wages
and demanding
long hours
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What resources do the ruling class control in Marxism?
Forces of production
like factories and machinery
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What do the proletariat seek in a capitalist society?
To earn enough money for
goods
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What is the nature of class conflict in Marxism?
Complex, beyond
profit
versus wages
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Who is the primary theorist associated with Marxism?
Karl Marx
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How long ago were Marx's ideas developed?
Over
150
years
ago
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What is neo-Marxism?
A contemporary update on
Marxist
ideas
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How does Gramsci's concept of hegemony function?
Through institutions passing
hegemonic
ideas
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What is dual consciousness according to Gramsci?
Aware
of
exploitation
yet
conforming
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How does Althusser's structural Marxism differ from traditional Marxism?
Focuses on methods of control by
ruling class
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What are the two apparatuses Althusser describes?
Ideological
state apparatus and
repressive
state apparatus
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What role does the ideological state apparatus play?
Alters thinking to prevent
challenges
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What is the repressive state apparatus used for?
Coercion
and physical control
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What criticism do Marxism and neo-Marxism face?
Being
deterministic
socially and economically
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What does the term 'cultural dopes' refer to in Marxism?
People unaware of their
exploitation
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How does Weber's view differ from Marx's regarding class structure?
Weber suggests expansion of the
middle class
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What is a significant outcome of Marx's ideas in contemporary society?
Influence on
democratic socialism
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How does globalization relate to Marx's theories?
Concentrates
wealth
into
fewer
hands
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What are the key concepts of Marxism?
Class conflict
between
bourgeoisie
and
proletariat
Exploitation
of labor for
profit
Control of
infrastructure
and
superstructure
Alienation of workers from their labor
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What are the criticisms of Marxism and neo-Marxism?
Deterministic
views on society and economy
Assumption of people as
cultural dopes
Economic determinism
ignoring other factors
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How do Gramsci and Althusser expand on Marxist theory?
Gramsci: Concept of
hegemony
and
dual consciousness
Althusser:
Structural Marxism
and
state apparatuses
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What is the relevance of Marxism today?
Critique of
capitalist
society
Influence on political
ideologies
Adaptation to modern
economic
crises
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