Industrial medicine (1700-1900)

• Louis Pasture


  Germ theory (1861)

  • Found out that germs caused disease
  • Probed germs could be killed by heat (pasturisation)
  • First person to create vaccines in a lab
• Robert Koch


  • Father of bacteriology
  • His team was the fist team to identify the cholera germ
  • Stained and identified bacteria
• Edward jenner


  • Found that people who had cowpocks couldn't get smallpox
  • Inoculation
  • First vaccine
• John snow


  • Identified the cholera outbreak
  • Removed the broad street pump
  • Proved cholera spread through water
• James Simpson


  • Accidentally discovered chloroform (anaesthetic)
  • Used by queen elizabeth in the birth of her child
• What is the key term associated with the study of health in society?

  Public Health
• What year was the Public Health Act enacted?

  1875
• Why was the Public Health Act 1875 considered necessary?

  To address public health issues effectively
• What attitude did the Government have towards public health?

  They took a 'laissez-faire' attitude
• What was believed to be linked to disease during this period?

  Poverty was believed to be linked to disease
• What was a common belief about poor people during this time?

  Poor people were considered lazy
• What was a significant financial concern regarding public health improvements?

  Building proper drains and sewers was costly
• Until what year did people not realize germs caused disease?

  1864
• What does Source A suggest about government assistance?

  It makes people helpless and dependent
• What was one of the main tasks regarding public health in the 19th Century?

  List the main problems with public health
• What was the focus of Task 1 regarding the Public Health Act 1875?

  List measures improving public health
• What were some factors leading to the introduction of the Public Health Act?

  Outbreaks of disease and population increase
• What was a significant outbreak that influenced public health measures?

  Cholera outbreaks influenced public health
• What was the 'Great Stink' related to?

  It was related to poor sanitation conditions
• What is one way the Public Health Act of 1848 differed from the 1875 Act?

  1848 Act was not compulsory
• What was Jenner's major contribution to public health?

  Vaccination against smallpox
• What was Pasteur known for in relation to public health?

  His Germ Theory
• How did the introduction of the vote impact public health in Britain?

  It allowed citizens to influence health policies
• What is the structure of the exam practice question regarding Jenner's vaccination?

  It requires agreement or disagreement with a statement
• What were the main problems with public health in the early 19th Century?

  • Poor sanitation
  • Lack of clean water
  • Overcrowded living conditions
  • High disease rates
• What were the key factors leading to the Public Health Act 1875?

  • Edwin Chadwick's reports
  • Pasteur's Germ Theory
  • Outbreaks of cholera
  • The Great Stink
• What are the key components of a structured exam response?

  1. Introduction
  2. Point
  3. Evidence
  4. Explanation
  5. Link
  6. Conclusion