Objectivity & Subjectivity

• What is the debate surrounding objectivity and subjectivity in sociology?

  Whether sociology can be value-free or value-laden
• Who are some key figures discussed in the video regarding objectivity and subjectivity?

  Durkheim, Guldner, and Weber
• What did Durkheim argue about sociology and objectivity?

  It could rival natural sciences for objectivity
• How did Durkheim use quantitative data in his research on suicide?

  By comparing official statistics on suicide
• What method did Durkheim use to examine social differences in suicide rates?

  The comparative method
• What criticism did Douglas have regarding Durkheim's research data?

  It was based on subjective judgments by coroners
• How did Durkheim's personal experiences influence his research?

  His friend's suicide inspired his research
• What was a major flaw in Durkheim's methodology?

  It was theological rather than scientific
• What do positivists believe about objectivity in research?

  It is possible through scientific methods
• How can objectivity be achieved according to positivists?

  By detaching researchers from data collection
• What is a feature of positivist methodology?

  Use of structured questionnaires and interviews
• Why do interpretivists disagree with positivists about objectivity?

  Human behavior is subjective and unpredictable
• What do interpretivists believe is essential in studying human behavior?

  Understanding meanings and motivations behind actions
• What is Guldner's proposal for addressing objectivity and subjectivity?

  Committed sociology with declared values
• How can sociologists maintain objectivity according to Guldner?

  By allowing peer analysis of their values
• What did Weber suggest about the role of values in sociology?

  Values influence topic choice but not findings
• What should researchers do if their hypothesis is unproven according to Weber?

  Reject the hypothesis and develop new theories
• What is the conclusion of the video regarding objectivity and subjectivity?

  Sociology reflects interests of those studied
• What are the key differences between positivist and interpretivist approaches to objectivity in sociology?

  • Positivists:
  • Believe objectivity is achievable
  • Use quantitative methods
  • Focus on observable behaviors
  • Interpretivists:
  • Argue objectivity is impossible
  • Emphasize subjective meanings
  • Focus on understanding motivations
• What are the implications of Guldner's and Weber's views on objectivity in sociology?

  • Guldner:
  • Values influence research topics
  • Peer analysis can ensure objectivity
  • Weber:
  • Strive for value-free findings
  • Reject unproven hypotheses to enhance knowledge