Marketisation

• What does marketization of education refer to?

  Application of market principles to education
• How long has marketization been dominant in the UK?

  Past 30 years
• What are two obvious features of marketization?

  Promoting choice and competition
• How does promoting choice in education benefit students?

  Increases likelihood of finding suitable providers
• What does promoting competition among educational providers encourage?

  Striving to be the best choice for students
• How is the student viewed in the context of marketization?

  As a consumer of educational goods
• What significant act began the development of the education market in 1988?

  Education Reform Act
• What did the Education Reform Act create to enhance parental choice?

  Open enrollment in schools
• What framework was established by the Education Reform Act?

  National curriculum for educational standards
• What was the purpose of formula funding for schools?

  To allocate funds based on pupil enrollment
• How did league tables and Ofsted contribute to marketization?

  Made school comparisons more accessible
• What educational options were expanded in higher education in 1992?

  Polytechnics and colleges applying for university status
• What educational policies did the new Labour government adopt?

  Policies promoting marketization in education
• What was introduced in 2000 to address failing schools?

  City academies
• How did city academies aim to tackle inequality?

  By combining failing schools with additional funding
• What types of schools did Labour introduce to cater to diversity?

  Specialist schools and faith schools
• What were the initial tuition fees for universities in 1998?

  £1,000 per year
• How did tuition fees change by 2010?

  Increased to £3,000 per year
• What did the 2010 coalition government do regarding marketization?

  Expanded the education market dramatically
• What is forced academization?

  Turning failing schools into academies
• What is the purpose of pupil premiums?

  To allocate funds for low-income students
• What did the coalition government reform in education?

  Curriculum and assessments for challenging targets
• What is Progress 8?

  A measurement tool for student progress
• How do free schools increase educational choice?

  Allow parents to set up educational provisions
• What impact did tripling tuition fees have on universities?

  Increased competition among universities
• What are some options available to students due to marketization?

  Free schools, academies, and faith schools
• How has private investment changed in education?

  Increased from various sectors
• What has happened to university attendance in recent years?

  Increased with more international students
• What has been the trend in educational standards?

  Increased GCSE and A-level passes
• What does Stephen Ball argue about parental choice?

  It serves those with cultural capital
• What is a criticism of open enrollments?

  Replaced by covert selection policies
• What is the issue with high uniform and resource costs?

  They price working-class students out of schools
• What is "teaching to the test" a criticism of?

  Marketization leading to shallow learning
• What is educational triage?

  Focusing on borderline pupils for qualifications
• What does "off rolling" refer to in education?

  Excluding low-ability students before tests
• What is the conclusion of the video on marketization?

  It summarizes the impacts and criticisms