Crisis of Masculinity

• What does the term "crisis of masculinity" refer to?

  Male reactions to rapid social changes
• Who suggested that the crisis of masculinity is linked to job market changes?

  Mcingal
• What caused the decline of traditional male working-class jobs?

  Globalization and factory relocations
• How did the decline of manufacturing jobs affect working-class males?

  It led to decreased motivation and self-esteem
• What are hegemonic masculine traits?

  Toughness and rejection of femininity
• How do boys respond to the increasing female achievement in education?

  They reject education as feminine
• What subcultures do boys gravitate towards due to the crisis of masculinity?

  Anti-school subcultures
• Who suggested that the crisis of masculinity is evident in American frat boy culture?

  Jackson
• How does the underachievement of males compare to females?

  Males underachieve across all social classes
• What factors help middle-class males succeed in education?

  Economic, social, and cultural capital
• What does Francis attribute the adoption of hegemonic masculine identities to?

  The rise of feminism and political correctness
• How did Ward's study differentiate between boys' behaviors?

  Some boys adapted better than others
• What did educational policy focus on regarding the crisis of masculinity?

  Practical solutions to improve boys' achievement
• What initiatives were introduced to help boys engage in education?

  Literacy programs and forest schools
• What changes were made to GCSEs and A-levels?

  Linear exams replaced modular assessments
• What criticism has been made regarding the focus on boys' education?

  Neglect of psychological and social impacts
• What mental health issues are linked to the crisis of masculinity?

  Increasing incidences of mental health problems
• How does the crisis of masculinity relate to family dynamics?

  Changes in gender socialization for girls
• What is Gershuny's idea of live adaptation?

  Adaptation to changes in family life
• How has the crisis of masculinity affected boys' adaptation to education?

  Males struggle to adapt compared to females
• What are the key factors contributing to the crisis of masculinity in education?

  • Decline of traditional male jobs
  • Rise of service sector jobs
  • Increased competition from females
  • Adoption of hegemonic masculine traits
  • Rejection of education as feminine
• What are the implications of the crisis of masculinity for educational policy?

  • Need for practical solutions
  • Addressing boys' learning styles
  • Implementing literacy programs
  • Restructuring assessment methods
  • Considering psychological impacts
• What are the broader social implications of the crisis of masculinity?

  • Increased crime rates
  • Changing family dynamics
  • Mental health issues
  • Emergence of toxic masculinity
  • Poor adaptation to modern society