Disease transmission

• How can pathogens be transmitted using a vector?


  Malaria is spread between humans via mosquitos.

  Mosquitos act as vectors - dont cause malaria but just transport it
• How can pathogens be transmitted directly?


  droplet infection (coughing/sneezing)

  sexual intercourse

  physical touch
• How can how pathogens be transmitted indirectly?


  Air

  Water

  via a vector
• how can pathogens be transmitted using spores?


  used for asexual reproduction (protoctist/fungus)

  transmitted in the air, then in water
• factors that affect disease transmission?


  living conditions - overcrowding

  climate - wet summers (increase transmission of potato late blight)

  social factors - good health care/good education (can reduce risk of HIV)