balanced diet

• What is bile and where is it produced?

  Bile is a liquid produced in the liver.
• Where is bile stored in the human body?

  Bile is stored in the gall bladder.
• How does bile assist in digestion despite containing no enzymes?

  Bile helps lipase enzymes to digest fats by emulsifying them.
• What is the role of bile in the digestion of fats?

  Bile emulsifies fat, splitting it into small droplets to increase surface area for lipase action.
• Where does bile travel after being produced?

  Bile travels down the bile duct to the small intestine.
• In which part of the digestive system is digested food absorbed?

  Digested food is absorbed in the second half of the small intestine.
• What happens to the gut contents by the time they reach the large intestine?

  All of the useful products have been absorbed into the blood.
• What structures in the small intestine help increase the surface area for absorption?

  The walls of the small intestine are covered in small, finger-like projections called villi.
• What is the function of the large intestine?

  The large intestine reabsorbs most of the water from waste, solidifying it into faeces.
• Where are faeces temporarily stored before being egested?

  Faeces are temporarily stored in the rectum.
• What are the components of a balanced diet and their functions?

  • Glucose: Provides energy from carbohydrates.
  • Fatty acids and glycerol: Provide energy stored as body fat.
  • Amino acids: Building blocks for proteins, needed for growth and repair.
  • Minerals: Essential for various bodily functions (e.g., iron for haemoglobin).
  • Vitamins: Needed in small amounts for metabolism and body functions.
  • Water: Essential for many bodily functions and chemical reactions.
  • Fibre: Regulates peristalsis and aids food movement through the gut.
• Why is glucose important for the body?

  Glucose is the main energy provider in the body.
• How do fatty acids and glycerol contribute to energy in the body?

  They provide more energy per gram than glucose and are stored as body fat.
• What role do amino acids play in the body?

  Amino acids are needed for the growth and repair of cells.
• What is the function of iron in the human body?

  Iron is essential for haemoglobin in red blood cells.
• Why are vitamins important for the body?

  Vitamins are needed in very small amounts for metabolism and body functioning.
• What is the importance of water in the body?

  Water is essential for many functions and helps dissolve chemical substances.
• How does fibre benefit the digestive system?

  Fibre helps regulate peristalsis, aiding the movement of food through the digestive tract.
• How does the body process excess carbohydrates?

  Excess carbohydrates are stored in the liver as glycogen for future use.
• What happens to excess food intake in the body?

  Excess food is converted into fat, stored under the skin and around internal organs.
• What are the health risks associated with high blood levels of fat?

  High blood levels of fat may lead to heart disease, stroke, cancer, and type 2 diabetes.
• Why should sugar and cholesterol be consumed in moderation?

  Excess sugar and cholesterol can lead to health issues like heart disease and diabetes.
• What is the effect of excess salt on health?

  Excess salt can lead to high blood pressure, increasing the risk of heart disease and strokes.
• What are the key nutrients that provide nourishment for the body?

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Fats
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
• What nutrients are excluded from the term 'nutrients' in exam questions?

  Water and fibre are excluded from the term 'nutrients'.
• What is the main type of food the body uses for energy?

  The main type of food the body uses for energy is glucose.
• How does the body respond to high blood sugar levels?

  The body will store excess sugar when blood sugar levels are high.
• What happens when blood sugar levels are low?

  The body will release stored sugar to raise blood sugar levels.
• How does a lack of exercise affect body fat levels?

  A lack of exercise increases the risk of gaining excess body fat.
• What is the relationship between diet and health?

  A balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health and preventing diseases.