History:P2 BA

• What term describes the societal structure during the high Middle Ages?

  Feudalism
• In which centuries did the high Middle Ages occur?

  1000 to 1300 A.D.
• What was the basis of the feudal system according to earlier historians?

  Exchange of land and services
• Who owned most of the land in the kingdom under feudalism?

  The king
• What did the king provide to great lords in exchange for support?

  Large estates
• What were great lords known as in the feudal system?

  Tenants in chief
• How did the land distribution work among lords and peasants?

  Land was parceled down through lords to peasants
• How is the feudal system often represented visually?

  As a pyramid
• What is the term for a lord who grants land to a lesser lord?

  Overlord
• What was the land granted to a vassal called?

  Fief
• What is the term for the person receiving land in the feudal system?

  Vassal
• How did feudal relationships sometimes cross national borders?

  Lords held lands in multiple kingdoms
• What was a unique situation regarding the king of England's allegiance?

  He was a vassal of the king of France
• Why do historians consider the feudal model too simplistic?

  It implies only vertical loyalty ties
• What types of services did vassals provide in return for land?

  Political and military support
• What was the impact of the Black Death on feudalism?

  It reduced the population and increased bargaining power
• How did the decline of feudalism affect peasants' work options?

  They could choose where to work
• What economic change contributed to the decline of feudalism?

  Growing importance of towns and trade
• What were the key factors leading to the decline of feudalism?

  • Kings relied less on great lords for soldiers
  • The Black Death reduced the working population
  • Towns gained economic importance outside feudalism
• When was feudalism formally abolished in England?

  1660
• When did France abolish feudalism?

  After the 1789 revolution
• When were Russian peasants made free?

  1861
• When were the last traces of feudalism abolished in the British Isles?

  June 2000
• What act abolished feudal tenure in Scotland?

  Abolition of Feudal Tenure Act
• When did the Abolition of Feudal Tenure Act take effect?

  November 2004
• What were the social changes resulting from the decline of feudalism?

  • Nobility lost control over lower classes
  • Emergence of prosperous urban middle classes
  • Increased social mobility for peasants
• What event marks the beginning of the Norman conquest of England?

  The Battle of Hastings in 1066
• What was the second Norman invasion of England characterized by?

  It took place from the pulpit, not the battlefield
• Who led the second Norman invasion of England?

  Lan Frank
• What position did Lan Frank hold after 1070?

  Archbishop of Canterbury
• What was a key part of consolidating William's victory at Hastings?

  The Norman takeover of the English church
• What was Lan Frank's relationship with William?

  They were friends and allies
• What reform movement was Lan Frank a supporter of?

  The reform movement within the church
• Who was particularly keen to embrace church reforms?

  Pope Leo IX
• Why did William support Lan Frank's reforms?

  To secure his reign and the Norman succession
• What abuses were reformers looking to stamp out in the church?

  Priests marrying, pluralism, and simony
• What did Lan Frank do to reinforce church hierarchy and discipline?

  • Strengthened power of newly appointed Norman bishops
  • Supported by archdeacons and deans
  • Formalized roles included scrutiny of priests
• What was the role of archdeacons and deans under Lan Frank?

  To scrutinize the competence of priests
• What did Lan Frank attempt to assert in the English church?

  The supremacy of the Archbishop of Canterbury
• What were the key components of Lan Frank's church reforms?

  • Increased number of monasteries
  • Introduced the Cluniac monastic order
  • Massive church building program