Inferential testing

• What is the purpose of inferential statistics?

  • Generalizes results from a sample to a target population
  • Makes inferences about behavior based on sample data
  • Assesses confidence in the data supporting inferences
• What probability threshold indicates that data is statistically significant?

  If p is less than 0.05
• What do researchers use to determine if results are significant?

  Statistical tests
• What is the first step in deciding which statistical test to use in an exam?

  Identify if the study is a correlation or a test of difference
• What is a correlation in research?

  A measure of the relationship between two covariables
• What indicates a test of difference in research?

  It tests for a difference in the dependent variable due to manipulation of the independent variable
• What type of data is collected in independent groups design?

  Independent data
• What type of data is collected in repeated measures design?

  Related data
• How is matched pairs design treated in terms of data?

  As related data
• What are the levels of measurement in statistics?

  • Nominal: Categories with no order
  • Ordinal: Data that can be ordered
  • Interval: Equal differences between data points
  • Ratio: Same as interval data
• What does the choice of statistical test depend on?

  The dependent variable's level of measurement
• What is a good strategy for memorizing statistical tests?

  Create a phrase using the first letter of each test
• What does the acronym "SWRCMUCSP" represent?

  The first letters of each statistical test
• What is the statistical test used for a correlational study?

  One of the tests in the bottom row of the table
• What is the first step in identifying the appropriate statistical test from a stem?

  Determine if the study is correlational or a test of difference
• How do you justify the choice of a statistical test in an exam?

  By explaining the type of test, data type, and design used
• What is a common format for a statistics question in exams?

  Name an appropriate statistical test and justify your choice
• What is the significance of justifying the choice of a statistical test?

  It helps maximize marks in the exam
• If a study uses unrelated data and is a test of difference, which statistical test might be used?

  Man Whitney test
• How does the level of measurement affect the choice of statistical test?

  It determines which test is appropriate based on data type
• What type of data is used in a chi-squared test?

  Nominal data
• What is the relationship between independent groups design and statistical tests?

  It uses tests appropriate for unrelated data
• What is the statistical test used for repeated measures design?

  Wilcoxon test
• What is the significance of the stem in a statistics question?

  It provides clues to determine the appropriate statistical test
• If a study involves a correlation with interval data, which test would be appropriate?

  Pearson's R
• How can you differentiate between a test of difference and a correlation?

  A test of difference manipulates an independent variable, while a correlation measures relationships
• What type of data is used in a Spearman's rank test?

  Ordinal data
• Why is it important to sketch the statistical test table quickly in an exam?

  It helps in selecting the correct test efficiently
• What should you do if you identify a test of difference in a stem?

  Use the tests in the top two rows of the statistical test table
• How does the choice of statistical test relate to the research design?

  It depends on whether the data is independent or related
• What is the statistical test used for nominal data?

  Chi-squared test
• What is the significance of understanding the statistical tests for students?

  It enables them to answer exam questions accurately
• If a study uses repeated measures and ordinal data, which statistical test would be appropriate?

  Wilcoxon test
• How can you maximize marks when answering a statistics question?

  By justifying the choice of statistical test thoroughly
• What is the statistical test used for unrelated data?

  Independent t-test
• What is the relationship between the level of measurement and the statistical test used?

  The level of measurement determines the appropriate statistical test
• If a study involves a correlation with ordinal data, which test would be appropriate?

  Spearman's rank
• How does understanding inferential statistics benefit researchers?

  It allows them to make informed inferences about a population
• What is the statistical test used for related data?

  Wilcoxon test
• Why is it important to justify the choice of a statistical test in an exam?

  It demonstrates understanding and can earn additional marks