stem cells

• what are stem cells?


  stem cells are undifferentiated (non specialised) cells that all other specialised cells come from. they can divide many times and produce cells which can differentiate into any kind of specialised cells
• what are the two types of animal stem cells?


  embryonic stem cells

  adult stem cells
• do adult stem cells have the ability to turn into any type of cell?


  adult stem cells are stem cells that do not have the ability to turn into any type of cell.
• name different type of stem cells:


  sex cell

  immune cell

  epithelial cell

  nervous cell

  blood cell

  bone cell and more.
• adult stem cells



  only found is specific areas of an adult such as bone marrow where they can only differentiate into different type of blood cells and do not have the ability to turn into any type of cell
• what are adult stem cells used for?


  to repair and replace damaged tissues in the body
• what are embryonic stem cells used for?


  replacing or repairing damaged cells
• advantages of using embryonic stem cells


  easy to extract from embryo,

  produce any type of cell,

  replace faulty cell with healthy cell

  can create many embryos in a lab

  painless technique

  can treat many diseases
• disadvantages of using embryonic stem cells


  embryo destroyed when cells removed

  harm/death to embryo

  unreliable technique (may not work)
• advantages of using adult stem cells


  no embryo destroyed

  if it is taken from the person to be treated, it wont be rejected by the body

  can treat some diseases

  procedure is safe

  tried/tested reliable technique

  patients recover quickly from procedure
• disadvantages of adult stem cells


  only produces a few types of cells

  can only treat a few diseases

  procedure can be painful
• what is a risk of using stem cells?


  the stem cells may not stop dividing which can cause cancer
• function of stem cell

  divide many times and produces cells that can differentiate into any kind of specialised cell.
• in plants, where are the stem cells found?

  in the meristem
• What is the function of the stem? cell in plants?

  meristem cells are plant stem cells and allow the plant to undergo mitosis and differentiate to produce any type of cell the plants need for growth for its entire life.
• where are meristem cells found?

  tips of roots and shoots in plants.
• embryonic stem cells

  form from a fertilised egg and have the ability to differentiate into any type of specialised cell
• What are the benefits of using stem cells in medicine?

  Stem cells in medicine benefits is that they can regenerate tissues, treat diseases, and help grow new organs.
• What are the risks of using stem cells in medicine?


  stem cells in medicine risks include tumour formation, immune rejection, and ethical concerns with embryonic stem cells.
• what is the function of meristems in plants?

  Meristems in plants produce new cells for growth and allow differentiation into specialized cells
• what is the function of stem cells in animals?

  Stem cells in animals function is to produce new, specialized cells for growth, repair, and replacement of damaged tissues.