Unit 1

• What is the definition of an ocean?

  Interconnected mass of saltwater
• How is a sea defined?

  Small ocean surrounded on all or most sides by land
• What characterizes a bay?

  Water enclosed on three sides with a wide mouth into the ocean
• What is the definition of a gulf?

  Large bay
• How many states are part of the United Nations?

  193 states
• What is the primary purpose of the United Nations?

  To promote worldwide peace and security
• When was the United Nations established?

  1945
• What are some agencies under the United Nations?

  UNHCR, UNESCO, and more
• When was the European Union established?

  1993
• How many countries are part of the European Union as of 2023?

  27 countries
• What is the approximate population of the European Union in 2023?

  448 million people
• What is the benefit of a single currency in the EU?

  Ease of trade
• When was the G7 formed?

  1975
• Which countries are part of the G7?

  Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, USA, UK
• What is the composition of the G20?

  EU and 19 other countries
• What percentage of international trade does the G20 account for?

  75%
• What does NATO stand for?

  North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
• How many countries are part of NATO?

  29 countries
• When was NATO established?

  1949
• What are the UN Sustainability Goals related to marine life?

  Goal 14 is life below water
• When were the UN Sustainability Goals set?

  2015
• What is the target year for the UN Sustainability Goals?

  2030
• What does UNCLOS stand for?

  United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea
• When was UNCLOS established?

  1982
• How many nations are part of UNCLOS?

  117 nations
• What is the distance of Territorial Waters from the coast?

  12 nautical miles (NM)
• What does the Territorial Waters include?

  Airspace and seabeds
• What must foreign ships show in Territorial Waters?

  A flag
• What is the rule for submarines in Territorial Waters?

  Submarines must be at the surface
• What is the distance of the contiguous zone from the coast?

  24 nautical miles (NM)
• What is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) distance from the coast?

  Up to 200 nautical miles (NM)
• What rights do states have in their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?

  Own all natural resources
• Can foreign access to resources in the EEZ be agreed upon?

  Yes, it can be agreed
• What is the distance of the Continental Shelf from the coast?

  Extends 350 nautical miles (NM)
• What percentage of land surface did the British Empire rule at its peak?

  25%
• Why was the British Empire able to control trade routes and ports?

  Due to its strong naval power
• Which country was a significant trade partner for the British Empire for textiles and cotton?

  India
• What percentage of global trade passed through Liverpool?

  40%
• How much money did the UK make annually from the slave trade in the 18th Century?

  £300,000
• How are Commonwealth countries connected today?

  Via the monarchy and trade relations