Electron configuration

    Cards (49)

    • What model is used to describe atomic structure in relation to the solar system?
      The Bohr model
    • How can we visualize electrons in an atom according to the Bohr model?
      As particles restricted to traveling particular distances from the nucleus
    • What is each restricted path that an electron can follow called?
      A shell
    • What do shells represent in atomic structure?
      The allowed energy levels of electrons in a restricted path
    • Which shell has the lowest energy?
      The first shell
    • How does the energy of electrons change as they move further from the nucleus?
      The energies increase as electrons get further away
    • What are the subdivisions of shells called?
      Subshells
    • Which shell is not subdivided into subshells?
      The first shell
    • How many subshells does the second shell have?
      Two subshells: s and p
    • How many subshells does the third shell have?
      Three subshells: s, p, and d
    • How many subshells does the fourth shell have?
      Four subshells: s, p, d, and f
    • What are atomic orbitals?
      Regions in space where we are likely to find electrons
    • How many electrons can each orbital contain?
      Two electrons
    • What must be true about the spins of the two electrons in an orbital?
      They must have opposite spins
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in the s subshell?
      2 electrons
    • How many orbitals are in the p subshell?
      3 orbitals
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in the p subshell?
      6 electrons
    • How many orbitals are in the d subshell?
      5 orbitals
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in the d subshell?
      10 electrons
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in the f subshell?
      14 electrons
    • How many orbitals are in the f subshell?
      7 orbitals
    • What does the Pauli exclusion principle state?
      An orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins
    • What is the significance of equivalent orbitals in a subshell?
      They are grouped into subshells and have the same energy
    • How does the energy of orbitals change with distance from the nucleus?
      Low-energy orbitals are closer to the nucleus, and higher-energy orbitals are further away
    • What principle describes the sequential filling of atomic orbitals?
      The Aufbau principle
    • What does the Aufbau principle state about filling orbitals?
      Low-energy orbitals are filled first before higher-energy orbitals
    • What is an atom's electronic configuration?
      The distribution of an atom's electrons within its orbitals
    • How is the number of electrons in each subshell indicated in electronic configurations?
      By a superscript number to the right of the subshell
    • What is meant by degenerate orbitals?
      Orbitals in a subshell that have the same energy
    • What does Hund's rule state about filling degenerate orbitals?
      Each degenerate orbital must be occupied by one electron before any orbital is completely filled
    • What is the electronic configuration of calcium, which has an atomic number of 20?
      1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
    • Which subshell has the lowest energy in the order of relative energy?
      s subshell
    • What is the electron configuration of bromine, Br?
      [Ar]4s23d104p5
    • What is the valence shell of an atom?
      The shell that holds the electrons located furthest from the nucleus
    • What are valence electrons?
      Electrons located in the valence shell
    • What are core electrons?
      Electrons located in shells closer to the nucleus
    • What role do valence electrons play in chemical reactions?
      They move between atoms during chemical reactions
    • How does the reactivity of an atom depend on its valence electrons?
      It depends on how readily its valence electrons will interact with neighboring atoms
    • What happens if an atom's valence electrons are reluctant to interact with neighboring atoms?
      No chemical reaction will occur
    • What dictates the chemical properties of different elements?
      Valence electrons
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