Measles

• What virus causes measles?

  Morbillivirus of the paramyxovirus family
• How is measles transmitted?

  Direct contact with infectious droplets or airborne
• What is the incubation period for measles?

  10 days (1-3 weeks)
• When is a person with measles infectious?

  1. 4 days before rash appears
• How long does measles usually last?

  About 7-10 days
• What type of immunity do individuals gain after measles?

  Lifelong immunity
• What was the impact of the MMR vaccine on measles infections and deaths?

  Substantially reduced following its introduction
• When was the MMR vaccine introduced?

  1988
• Since 2000, who has reported deaths from measles?

  Unvaccinated individuals
• How many doses of the MMR vaccine provide optimal protection?

  Two doses
• Is there any evidence linking the MMR vaccine to autism?

  No evidence of any link
• What is the likelihood of getting measles if fully vaccinated?

  Unlikely to get measles
• What are the first symptoms of measles?

  Fever, aches, fatigue, diarrhoea, cold-like symptoms
• What are Koplik spots?

  Small white spots inside the cheeks
• Where does the measles rash start?

  On the face and behind ears
• How does the measles rash typically appear?

  Red/brown, sometimes raised, not itchy
• How long does the rash last after onset?

  Fades after 5 days of onset
• What are some complications of measles?

  Pneumonia, otitis media, convulsions, meningitis
• Who is more severely affected by measles complications?

  Adults, pregnant women, immunocompromised, infants
• What are red-flag symptoms for measles complications?

  Shortness of breath, high temperature, confusion, seizures
• What is the management approach for measles?

  Symptomatic, no cure
• What should be done if measles is suspected?

  Contact GP and arrange testing
• What is the status of measles as a disease in the UK?

  Notifiable disease
• What are some practical measures to avoid spreading measles?

  Wash hands, use tissues, avoid sharing items
• What should be done for crusty eyes in measles?

  Use cotton wool soaked in warm water
• What should be encouraged after recovery from measles?

  Undergo any outstanding vaccinations
• How long should a person stay away from school after the rash appears?

  At least 4 days
• Why should individuals avoid contact with immunocompromised people during measles?

  They are at higher risk of severe illness