localisation of function in the brain

    Cards (48)

    • What does the brain allow us to do?
      Move, remember, and understand the world
    • What is localization of function in the brain?
      Behavioral functions are localized to brain regions
    • What are the six regions of the brain that demonstrate localization of function?
      • Visual cortex
      • Motor cortex
      • Somatosensory cortex
      • Auditory cortex
      • Broca's area
      • Wernicke's area
    • Where are Broca's and Wernicke's areas generally located?
      In the left hemisphere
    • What is the significance of Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
      They are responsible for language production and understanding
    • What does contralateral mean in relation to brain function?
      Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body
    • What is the thickness of the cortex in humans?
      Between 2 and 4 millimeters
    • What is the visual cortex responsible for?
      Processing visual information
    • What can damage to the visual cortex cause?
      Partial or complete blindness
    • Where is the motor cortex located?
      In the frontal lobe
    • What happens if the motor cortex is damaged?
      Loss of fine muscle function or paralysis
    • What does the somatosensory cortex detect?
      Sensations from the opposite side of the body
    • What is neglect syndrome?
      Ignoring areas of the body due to damage
    • What is agnosia?
      Inability to recognize objects by feeling
    • Where is the auditory cortex located?
      At the top of the temporal lobe
    • What can damage to the auditory cortex lead to?
      Deafness
    • What is Broca's area responsible for?
      Speech production
    • What is Broca's aphasia?
      Difficulty in producing fluent speech
    • What is Wernicke's area associated with?
      Understanding spoken language
    • What is Wernicke's aphasia?
      Difficulty in understanding language
    • What happens when both Broca's and Wernicke's areas are damaged?
      Inability to produce or understand speech
    • What are the limitations of localization of function research?
      • Damage may affect multiple areas
      • Functions may not be strictly localized
      • Modern imaging shows complexity in brain functions
    • What did Lashley's 1925 study suggest about brain functions?
      Functions are spread out across the brain
    • What is hemispheric lateralization?
      • Different functions are specialized in each hemisphere
      • Left hemisphere: language and analytical tasks
      • Right hemisphere: visual-spatial tasks
    • What does the sensory homunculus represent?
      • 3D model of body perception
      • Different body areas occupy different space
      • Reflects sensory and motor information processing needs
    • What is the primary function of the visual cortex?
      Visual processing
    • What is the role of the central sulcus?
      Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
    • What is the appearance of white matter in the brain?
      White due to myelinated axons
    • What is the function of the occipital lobe?
      Visual processing center
    • What is cortical blindness?
      Blindness due to damage in the visual cortex
    • What is the role of the motor cortex?
      Plans and carries out voluntary movements
    • What does damage to the somatosensory cortex lead to?
      Loss of sensation from the opposite side
    • What is the relationship between the motor cortex and body movement?
      It controls voluntary movements on the opposite side
    • What is the function of the auditory cortex?
      Receives auditory sensations from the ears
    • What is the significance of the case study on patient Tan?
      It demonstrated the role of Broca's area
    • What is the effect of damage to Broca's area?
      Leads to difficulty in speech production
    • What is the effect of damage to Wernicke's area?
      Leads to difficulty in understanding language
    • What is the relationship between Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
      Both are involved in language processing
    • What is the impact of damage to both Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
      Inability to produce or understand speech
    • What does modern research suggest about language processing in the brain?
      Language processing is more distributed and complex
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