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biopsychology
localisation of function in the brain
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Created by
Isabelle Brignall
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Cards (48)
What does the brain allow us to do?
Move
,
remember
, and understand the world
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What is localization of function in the brain?
Behavioral functions are localized to
brain regions
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What are the six regions of the brain that demonstrate localization of function?
Visual cortex
Motor cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Auditory cortex
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
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Where are Broca's and Wernicke's areas generally located?
In the left
hemisphere
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What is the significance of Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
They are responsible for
language production
and
understanding
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What does contralateral mean in relation to brain function?
Each
hemisphere
controls the
opposite
side of the body
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What is the thickness of the cortex in humans?
Between 2 and 4
millimeters
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What is the visual cortex responsible for?
Processing
visual information
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What can damage to the visual cortex cause?
Partial or complete
blindness
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Where is the motor cortex located?
In the frontal lobe
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What happens if the motor cortex is damaged?
Loss of
fine muscle
function or paralysis
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What does the somatosensory cortex detect?
Sensations from the opposite side of the body
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What is neglect syndrome?
Ignoring areas of the body due to
damage
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What is agnosia?
Inability to recognize objects by
feeling
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Where is the auditory cortex located?
At the top of the temporal lobe
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What can damage to the auditory cortex lead to?
Deafness
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What is Broca's area responsible for?
Speech production
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What is Broca's aphasia?
Difficulty in producing
fluent
speech
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What is Wernicke's area associated with?
Understanding
spoken
language
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What is Wernicke's aphasia?
Difficulty in understanding
language
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What happens when both Broca's and Wernicke's areas are damaged?
Inability to
produce
or
understand
speech
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What are the limitations of localization of function research?
Damage may affect multiple areas
Functions may not be strictly localized
Modern
imaging
shows complexity in brain functions
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What did Lashley's 1925 study suggest about brain functions?
Functions
are
spread
out
across
the
brain
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What is hemispheric lateralization?
Different functions are specialized in each
hemisphere
Left hemisphere:
language
and
analytical tasks
Right hemisphere:
visual-spatial tasks
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What does the sensory homunculus represent?
3D model of
body perception
Different body areas occupy different space
Reflects sensory and
motor information
processing needs
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What is the primary function of the visual cortex?
Visual
processing
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What is the role of the central sulcus?
Separates the
frontal lobe
from the
parietal lobe
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What is the appearance of white matter in the brain?
White due to
myelinated axons
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What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Visual processing center
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What is cortical blindness?
Blindness due to damage in the
visual cortex
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What is the role of the motor cortex?
Plans and carries out
voluntary
movements
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What does damage to the somatosensory cortex lead to?
Loss of sensation from the
opposite
side
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What is the relationship between the motor cortex and body movement?
It controls
voluntary
movements on the
opposite
side
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What is the function of the auditory cortex?
Receives
auditory sensations
from the
ears
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What is the significance of the case study on patient Tan?
It demonstrated the role of
Broca's area
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What is the effect of damage to Broca's area?
Leads to
difficulty
in speech production
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What is the effect of damage to Wernicke's area?
Leads to
difficulty
in understanding language
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What is the relationship between Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
Both are involved in
language processing
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What is the impact of damage to both Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
Inability to
produce
or understand speech
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What does modern research suggest about language processing in the brain?
Language processing is more
distributed
and
complex
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