Columbian Exchange

• What disease is mentioned in the environment theme?

  Smallpox
• What food is associated with the environment theme that is a staple crop?

  Maize
• Which food mentioned in the environment theme is used to make chocolate?

  Cacao
• What vegetable is listed under the environment theme?

  Okra
• Which animal is mentioned in the environment theme?

  Horse
• What grain is included in the environment theme?

  Rice
• What exchange is associated with the economy theme?

  Columbian Exchange
• What trade involving forced labor is mentioned in the economy theme?

  Transatlantic slave trade
• What term refers to sugar plantations in the economy theme?

  Engenhos
• What type of crop is referred to in the economy theme?

  Cash crop
• What term is associated with the government theme regarding territorial control?

  Empire
• What crop is mentioned in the government theme that is significant for trade?

  Sugarcane
• What group of explorers is mentioned in the society theme?

  Conquistadores
• What cultural term refers to the dispersion of Africans?

  African Diaspora
• What term describes people of mixed European and African descent?

  Creole
• What dish is associated with African culture in the study material?

  Gumbo
• What is the term for the exchange of crops, animals, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres?

  Columbian Exchange
• What crops were exchanged from the Eastern Hemisphere to the Western Hemisphere?

  • Sugar
  • Wheat
  • Barley
  • Okra
• What is one effect of the Columbian Exchange on the Western Hemisphere related to agriculture?

  Deforestation for crop cultivation
• How did soil depletion occur in the Western Hemisphere due to the Columbian Exchange?

  From growing the same crops repeatedly
• What crops were introduced to the Western Hemisphere?

  • Rice
  • Oranges
  • Grapes
  • Lettuce
  • Coffee
• Which animals were introduced to the Western Hemisphere during the Columbian Exchange?

  Horses, oxen, pigs, cattle, sheep
• What environmental issue arose from overgrazing by introduced animals in the Western Hemisphere?

  Soil erosion
• What was one consequence of the spread of diseases during the Columbian Exchange?

  Millions of deaths among Native Americans
• What diseases were introduced to the Western Hemisphere?

  • Smallpox
  • Measles
  • Typhus
  • Bubonic plague
  • Influenza
• What social structure emerged in the Western Hemisphere as a result of the Columbian Exchange?

  Social structures based on race and ethnicity
• What crops were exchanged from the Western Hemisphere to the Eastern Hemisphere?

  • Potatoes
  • Maize
  • Manioc
  • Tobacco
  • Cacao
  • Peanuts
• What was one positive effect of the Columbian Exchange on the Eastern Hemisphere?

  Better nutrition
• Which animal was introduced to the Eastern Hemisphere from the Western Hemisphere?

  Turkeys
• What was one health-related consequence of the Columbian Exchange for the Eastern Hemisphere?

  Increased health risks
• What people were involved in the exchange from the Western Hemisphere to the Eastern Hemisphere?

  • Native Americans
  • Ethnic diversity
• What was the significance of rubber in the context of the Columbian Exchange?

  First used as an eraser
• What role did quinine play in the Columbian Exchange?

  Provided a treatment for malaria
• What were the overall effects of the Columbian Exchange on both hemispheres?

  • Introduction of new crops and animals
  • Changes in social structures
  • Spread of diseases
  • Environmental impacts
  • Improved nutrition and health in some areas
• What was the primary cause of dramatic changes between Afro-Eurasia and the Americas?

  The Columbian Exchange
• How did Europeans use agricultural land differently than American Indians?

  Europeans used it more intensively
• What agricultural practice did colonists employ that affected the environment?

  They cut down trees for planting crops
• What environmental problems arose in the Americas due to European agricultural practices?

  Deforestation and soil depletion
• How did European settlement patterns differ from those of American Indians?

  Europeans lived in more densely populated communities
• What were the consequences of increased population density among Europeans in the Americas?

  Strain on water resources and pollution