skeletal system

• What is the total number of bones in the human body?

  206 bones
• What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

  Axial and appendicular skeleton
• What is the purpose of the skeletal system?

  Framework for movement and organ protection
• What does the axial skeleton consist of?

  Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
• What is the function of the vertebral column?

  Protects spinal cord and allows flexibility
• How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

  33 vertebrae
• What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

  Bones of arms, legs, and shoulder girdle
• What type of connective tissue is bone?

  Hardest connective tissue in the body
• What are the two types of bone tissue?

  Compact and cancellous (spongy) bone
• What is the role of osteoblasts?

  Cells responsible for bone formation
• Where are osteoblasts found?

  In the periosteum
• What are the five main types of bones?

  Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
• What is a long bone?

  Bigger in length than width
• What is a short bone?

  Cube-shaped with equal length and width
• What is the function of flat bones?

  Protect and enclose vital organs
• What characterizes irregular bones?

  Do not fit into other categories
• What are sesamoid bones?

  Bones embedded within a tendon
• What is the structure of a bone?

  Contains compact and spongy bone
• What does cartilage do at the ends of bones?

  Coats where bone meets bone
• What does bone marrow produce?

  Blood cells
• What are the main types of bones and their characteristics?

  • Long Bones: Longer than wide, facilitate movement
  • Short Bones: Cube-shaped, provide strength
  • Flat Bones: Thin and curved, protect organs
  • Irregular Bones: No definite shape, unique functions
  • Sesamoid Bones: Embedded in tendons, e.g., knee cap
• What are the functions of the skeletal system?

  • Provides framework for movement
  • Protects vital organs
  • Serves as attachment for muscles
  • Stores minerals
  • Produces blood cells (red bone marrow)
• What is the difference between compact and cancellous bone?

  • Compact Bone: Dense, forms outer layer, provides strength
  • Cancellous (Spongy) Bone: Less dense, contains cavities, lighter
• What is osteoarthritis?

  A condition affecting the joints
• What happens to the cartilage in osteoarthritis?

  It becomes thin and roughens
• What forms at the edge of the joint in osteoarthritis?

  Bony spurs called osteophytes
• What does the synovium do in osteoarthritis?

  It may thicken and produce extra fluid
• What is a common symptom of osteoarthritis?

  Pain that worsens with movement
• What sensation might a person experience in their joints with osteoarthritis?

  A grating or grinding sensation
• What can cause swelling in joints affected by osteoarthritis?

  Osteophytes or synovial thickening
• What age group is most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?

  People aged 45 to 75 years
• How does osteoarthritis affect joint movement?

  It may limit normal joint movement
• Which gender is more likely to seek treatment for osteoarthritis?

  Women are more likely than men
• What is the most common joint disorder in the UK?

  Osteoarthritis
• What factors contribute to the increase in osteoarthritis cases?

  Aging population and obesity epidemic
• What happens to the joint surfaces in osteoarthritis?

  They become damaged and move less smoothly
• What happens to the tissues within the joint in osteoarthritis?

  They become more active than normal
• What is the role of the capsule and ligaments in osteoarthritis?

  They thicken and contract for stability
• What is a common symptom of osteoarthritis related to joint stiffness?

  Stiffness after rest that wears off
• What can happen to the muscles around the joint in osteoarthritis?

  They may look thin or wasted