Representation theories (MM)

• Ethnicity- Richard Dyer's 'politics of visibility'

  • Examines how media shapes perceptions of marginalized groups by controlling their visibility
  • Under-representation or stereotypical portrayal of certain groups reinforces societal power imbalances
  • This makes it crucial to present complex, varied images to challenge dominant norms and promote inclusivity
• Ethnicity- Stuart Hall's 'otherness' (MM)

  • Emphasizes how media constructs 'otherness' by portraying certain groups as fundamentally different or oppositional
  • This reinforces stereotypes, creating simplified, often negative images that marginalize (treat as insignificant) these groups
  • By defining some as 'others' , media upholds dominant cultural norms and power structures, influencing audience perceptions