B2: alcohol

Created by

sufi

Cards (33)

What is the focus of the cognitive approach to alcohol addiction?
How individuals perceive past experiences
What does the self-medication model of alcohol addiction explain?
How individuals use alcohol to relieve distress
Who proposed the self-medication model of alcohol addiction?
Edward Khantzian
What early experiences can lead to alcohol addiction according to Khantzian?
Trauma from abuse or neglect
How does emotional distress relate to alcohol use?
It may lead individuals to self-medicate
What is meant by 'specificity' in the context of self-medication?
The link between emotional state and drug choice
What type of drug might someone with anxiety choose to self-medicate?
Alcohol for its relaxing effects
What does Khantzian mean by 'self-regulation disorder'?
Addiction arises from inability to self-regulate
How does early trauma affect self-care in individuals?
It leads to low self-esteem and coping skills
How does alcohol help individuals with low self-esteem?
It allows them to feel more sociable
What happens when a person dependent on alcohol stops drinking?
They experience withdrawal symptoms and stress
What did Felitti's study on ACEs reveal?
Childhood trauma is linked to adult addiction
What is a weakness of the self-medication model?
Lack of evidence for drug specificity
What did Lazareck's study find about self-medication?
It increases the risk of developing addiction
What did Lembke argue about drug choice among young people?
Peer influence affects drug preferences
What did Fergusson's study conclude about depression and alcohol abuse?
Alcohol abuse increases risk of depression
How does the learning approach explain alcohol addiction?
Through positive and negative reinforcement
What is positive reinforcement in the context of alcohol use?
The addition of a reward for drinking
How does vicarious reinforcement relate to alcohol use?
Observing others enjoying alcohol influences behavior
What are withdrawal symptoms associated with alcohol dependence?
Cravings, anxiety, and physiological responses
What is motivational toxicity in alcohol addiction?
Drinking becomes the main source of reward
How can withdrawal symptoms trigger relapse?
They create strong urges to drink again
What did Koob's research suggest about withdrawal and relapse?
Withdrawal resembles a severe stress response
What is cue exposure with response prevention (CERP)?
A treatment to confront alcohol-related cues
What is a weakness of the learning approach to alcohol addiction?
It cannot explain transition from use to abuse
What did Mitchell's study reveal about alcohol and dopamine?
Dopamine may not be critical in addiction
How does Stefan's drinking relate to his external locus of control?
He feels pressured by peers to drink
What evidence suggests Stefan has a physiological addiction?
He experiences withdrawal symptoms when abstaining
How does Stefan's family history influence his drinking behavior?
His parents' drinking increases his likelihood
What are the key assumptions of the cognitive approach to alcohol addiction?
Individuals perceive past experiences and current feelings
Self-medication is used to relieve emotional distress
Early trauma influences addiction development
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the self-medication model of alcohol addiction?
Strengths:
Evidence linking childhood trauma to addiction
Research supports self-medication as a risk factor

Weaknesses:
Lack of evidence for drug specificity
Evidence shows addiction can cause mental disorders
What are the processes involved in the learning approach to alcohol addiction?
Positive reinforcement: rewards from drinking
Negative reinforcement: relief from withdrawal symptoms
Vicarious reinforcement: observing others' enjoyment
What are the implications of the learning approach for treating alcohol addiction?
Understanding reinforcement can lead to effective treatments
Cue exposure with response prevention can help
Addressing withdrawal symptoms is crucial for recovery