Approaches- origins of psych

• What is psychology defined as?

  The scientific study of the brain and behavior
• Why is psychology considered one of the youngest fields of science?

  It started around 150 years ago
• Who is considered the first person to study behavior scientifically?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• What is the significance of Wilhelm Wundt's work in psychology?

  • Established psychology as a scientific discipline
  • Opened the first psychological laboratory
  • Developed methods for studying the mind scientifically
• What is the name of the first psychological laboratory opened by Wundt?

  The Institute of Experimental Psychology
• What approach did Wundt use to study sensation and perception?

  Structuralism
• How did Wundt's method of introspection work?

  Participants reported their conscious experiences
• What is the main criticism of Wundt's introspective methods?

  Participants may provide biased self-reports
• What is the term for making educated guesses about mental processes based on behavior?

  Inferences
• Why is following the scientific method important in psychology?

  It ensures reliable and valid research results
• What are the key components of the scientific method in psychology?

  • Systematic observation
  • Controlled experimentation
  • Objective measurement
  • Replication of findings
• Who is often referred to as the father of experimental psychology?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• What did Wundt aim to change in the study of the mind?

  From philosophy to empirical scientific research
• How did Wundt's work influence future psychologists?

  Inspired controlled methods in psychological research
• What is a major limitation of Wundt's introspective method?

  It relies on subjective self-reports
• What did behaviorists reject in their approach to psychology?

  Introspection and internal mental processes
• What is the focus of behaviorism in psychology?

  Observable stimulus-response mechanisms
• Who are two key figures in behaviorism?

  Pavlov and Skinner
• What are the main ideas of Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic approach?

  • Unconscious mind influences behavior
  • Defense mechanisms manage anxiety
  • Structure of personality includes id, ego, superego
  • Psychosexual stages of development
• What do cognitive psychologists compare the brain to?

  A computer processing information
• What is the goal of humanistic psychology?

  To achieve self-actualization
• What is a key criticism of the scientific approach in psychology?

  It oversimplifies human experience
• What are the main approaches to psychology introduced in the timeline?

  1. Structuralism
  2. Psychodynamics
  3. Behaviorism
  4. Social Learning Theory
  5. Humanistic Psychology
  6. Cognitive Psychology
  7. Biological Psychology
• What has allowed psychologists to study the active brain recently?

  fMRI scanners
• How has biological psychology contributed to understanding behavior?

  Links brain areas to specific abilities
• How do cognitive psychologists study mental processes?

  By creating theoretical models and tasks
• What is the purpose of a key term list in psychology?

  To learn and use complex terminology
• What is the role of empirical methods in psychology?

  To gather data through observation and experimentation
• Why is it important to avoid bias in psychological research?

  To ensure objectivity in results and conclusions
• How do social learning theorists differ from behaviorists?

  They consider internal mental processes in learning
• What is the significance of the computer revolution in cognitive psychology?

  It led to comparisons between brain and computer functions
• What is the main focus of biological psychology?

  The relationship between biology and behavior
• How has the understanding of mental health evolved in psychology?

  From religious perspectives to scientific approaches
• What is the impact of Wundt's scientific approach on modern psychology?

  It laid the foundation for empirical research methods
• Cognitive psychology studies how people perceive, remember, think, reason, solve problems, make decisions, and use language.
• Cognitive psychology focuses on the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
• The cognitive approach is concerned with how we process information, including perception, attention, memory, problem solving, decision making, language, thinking, reasoning, learning, creativity, consciousness, intelligence, and emotion.