sugars

• What is the term for soluble carbohydrates?


  Sugars
• What is the scientific name for a sugar?

  Saccharide
• What are single sugars called?

  Monosaccharides
• Name an example of a monosaccharide.

  Glucose
• What type of monosaccharide is glucose?

  Hexose
• How are monosaccharides grouped?

  By the number of carbon atoms
• What are the types of monosaccharides based on carbon atoms?

  • Triose: 3 carbon atoms
  • Tetrose: 4 carbon atoms
  • Pentose: 5 carbon atoms
  • Hexose: 6 carbon atoms
• What is the general formula for a monosaccharide?

  C_nH_2nO_n
• What is the molecular formula for glucose?

  C₆H₁₂O₆
• What are the two isomers of glucose?

  α-glucose and β-glucose
• How do α-glucose and β-glucose differ?

  In the position of hydroxyl groups
• What are two sugars joined together called?

  Disaccharides
• Name an example of a disaccharide.

  Maltose
• How are disaccharides formed?

  By the condensation of two monosaccharides
• What type of bond holds sugars together?

  Glycosidic bonds
• What type of sugars are reducing sugars?

  Sugars that can donate electrons
• What is the only non-reducing sugar mentioned?

  Sucrose
• What reagent is used to test for reducing sugars?

  Benedict’s reagent
• What indicates the presence of reducing sugars in a test?

  Color change from blue to orange/red
• What is the first step in testing for non-reducing sugars?

  Add dilute HCl and heat
• What should be done after adding dilute HCl in the non-reducing sugar test?

  Neutralize with NaHCO₃
• What indicates the presence of non-reducing sugars in a test?

  Color change from blue to orange/red
• What methods can be used to compare sugar solution concentrations?

  • Method 1: Filter and dry precipitate, measure mass
  • Method 2: Measure absorption of red light using a colorimeter
• What are the learning outcomes of this lesson?

  • Describe monosaccharides with examples
  • Explain structures of disaccharides with examples
  • Describe biochemical tests for reducing and non-reducing sugars