factors affecting enzymes

• What can affect the rate of enzyme activity?

  Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration
• How is the rate of an enzyme reaction calculated?

  By measuring product formation or substrate usage
• What enzyme is found in potatoes?

  Catalase
• What does catalase do?

  Breaks down hydrogen peroxide
• How can you determine the rate of catalase activity?

  By measuring the volume of oxygen produced
• How can the rate of reaction be calculated from a graph?

  By determining the gradient of the curve
• What are the six main factors affecting enzyme activity?

  • Temperature
  • pH
  • Enzyme concentration
  • Substrate concentration
  • Inhibitors
  • Activators
• What should be discussed when describing how a factor affects an enzyme?

  The rate, shape, speed, and collisions
• What happens to the rate of reaction as temperature increases?

  The rate increases due to more kinetic energy
• Why do more successful collisions occur as temperature increases?

  Particles have more kinetic energy
• What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?

  40°C
• What is the optimum pH for enzyme activity?

  pH of 8
• What happens to the rate of reaction when moving away from optimum conditions?

  The rate decreases as the active site changes
• What occurs when the enzyme's active site denatures?

  No successful collisions can occur
• What happens to the rate of reaction with increased substrate concentration?

  The rate increases until saturation point
• What is the saturation point in enzyme reactions?

  When all active sites are occupied
• What limits the rate of reaction when substrate concentration is low?

  Substrate concentration is limiting
• What limits the rate of reaction when enzyme concentration is low?

  Enzyme concentration is limiting
• What happens when the reaction reaches saturation point?

  The reaction has reached maximum rate
• What are the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity?

  • Increase in temperature increases rate until optimum
  • Decrease in rate occurs past optimum
  • Extreme conditions lead to denaturation
• What are the effects of substrate and enzyme concentration on enzyme activity?

  • Increasing concentration increases rate until saturation
  • Saturation occurs when all active sites are occupied
  • Limiting factors can be substrate or enzyme concentration