Antibiotics in medicine

• What are monoclonal antibodies used for in medicine?

  They are used for diagnostic tests.
• What hormone do pregnancy tests detect?

  Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
• Where is HCG produced?

  In the urine of pregnant women
• What is bound to the coloured bead in pregnancy tests?

  Antibodies complementary to HCG
• What happens when urine is applied to the application area of a pregnancy test?

  HCG binds to the antibodies, forming a complex
• What occurs if HCG is present in the urine during a pregnancy test?

  Antibodies will bind to HCG, turning blue
• What happens if no HCG is present in the urine?

  The antibody with blue beads passes through
• What does ELISA stand for?

  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
• What does ELISA allow you to detect?

  A protein or molecule to which you have antibodies
• What is the purpose of a direct ELISA test?

  To detect a specific antigen using a single antibody
• How are antigens in a patient sample prepared for a direct ELISA?

  They are bound to the inside of a well
• What happens if the antigen is present in the patient sample during a direct ELISA?

  The detection antibody binds and changes color
• What indicates a positive result in a direct ELISA test?

  A color change due to enzyme reaction
• How does a direct ELISA differ from other types of ELISA tests?

  It uses a single antibody for detection