Validity

• What does validity in psychology fundamentally ask?

  Is it true and accurate?
• Why is questionability important in psychology?

  To avoid bias in research findings
• What are the two types of validity discussed?

  Internal and external validity
• What does questioning internal validity involve?

  Assessing if the independent variable caused changes
• What is a confounding variable?

  A third factor affecting the dependent variable
• What does external validity assess?

  Generalizability of findings to real-world behavior
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizability of findings across different settings
• What is mundane realism?

  How close a task is to real-life situations
• What is population validity?

  Generalizability from sample to broader population
• What is temporal validity?

  Applicability of findings across different time periods
• What is face validity?

  Does the measure appear to assess what it claims?
• What is concurrent validity?

  Comparison with an established test's results
• How can internal validity be improved?

  By excluding extraneous variables
• What is predictive validity?

  Accuracy of predictions based on test results
• How can external validity be improved?

  By replicating studies in different settings
• How can temporal validity be improved?

  By replicating studies in modern contexts
• What are the main types of validity in psychological research?

  • Internal validity
  • External validity
  • Ecological validity
  • Population validity
  • Temporal validity
  • Face validity
  • Concurrent validity
  • Predictive validity
• What are the common biases that can affect internal validity?

  • Social desirability bias
  • Demand characteristics
  • Investigator effects
  • Researcher bias
• What techniques can improve internal validity?

  • Random allocation
  • Standardized procedures
  • Counterbalancing
  • Single and double-blind methods
• What factors can affect external validity?

  • Setting of the study
  • Task realism
  • Timing of the study
  • Sample demographics
• How can researchers ensure population validity?

  • Use diverse samples
  • Replicate studies with different demographics
  • Avoid gender and culture bias
• What are the implications of low mundane realism in studies?

  • Results may not reflect real-life behavior
  • Findings could be context-specific
  • Generalizability may be limited
• How can researchers assess the validity of their measures?

  • Check face validity
  • Compare with established tests (concurrent validity)
  • Evaluate predictive validity
• What is the significance of the peer review system in research?

  • Reduces bias
  • Ensures quality control
  • Validates research findings
• What role does replication play in improving validity?

  • Confirms findings across different settings
  • Enhances ecological validity
  • Strengthens population validity
• How does the support from patrons benefit educational content creation?

  • Enables part-time teaching
  • Provides resources for students
  • Supports development of tutorial videos