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Cards (137)
What are nematodes commonly referred to as?
White worms
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What is a key characteristic of nematodes?
They are not
segmented
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What covers nematodes?
A
cuticle
secreted by
hypodermis
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How does the cuticle of nematodes grow?
It grows as the
worm
grows
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How are the sexes of nematodes described?
They are separate
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How do male nematodes find females?
Using
pheromones
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How do male nematode sperm move?
By
pseudopodia
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What is a notable feature of most nematodes?
They are slender with few
characteristics
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What diseases are nematodes known to cause?
Debilitating
and disfiguring diseases
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What phylum do nematodes belong to?
Nematoda
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How numerous are nematodes on Earth?
Most numerous animals
on
Earth
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How many nematodes can be found in a rotting apple?
90,000
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How many nematodes can be found in 6.7 ml of coastal mud?
1,074
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How many nematodes are estimated per acre in good farmland?
9 billion
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What can parasitic infections from nematodes be described as?
Enormous
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How do nematodes compare to other phyla in terms of species?
More species than any other
phylum
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What is true about insects and nematodes?
Every insect studied has a nematode
parasite
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Where do nematodes live?
Every habitat including
marine
and
terrestrial
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What is a pseudocoelom?
A fluid-filled cavity forming a
hydrostatic
skeleton
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What type of nervous system do nematodes have?
A
simple
nervous system
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What are sensory organs in nematodes called?
Phasmids
and
amphids
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How many juvenile stages do nematodes have?
Four
juvenile stages
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What are the juvenile stages of nematodes called?
J1
,
J2
,
J3
,
J4
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What separates the juvenile stages of nematodes?
A molt of the
cuticle
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Which juvenile stage usually enters the definitive host?
J3
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What is eutely in nematodes?
Constant number of somatic cells after
embryogenesis
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What happens to the cells in nematodes after embryogenesis?
The
cells
grow
larger
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What varies by species in nematodes?
The number of
cells
in
ovaries/testes
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What are the two classes of nematodes?
Aphasmidia
and
C. Phasmidia
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What is a characteristic of Class Aphasmidia?
Amphids
are usually well-developed
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What type of esophagus do nematodes in Class Aphasmidia possess?
Cylindrical
esophagus
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Who is the definitive host for Trichuris trichiura?
Humans
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What is Trichuris trichiura commonly known as?
Whipworm
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What is the
intermediate
host
for
Trichuris
trichiura
?
None
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What animals can act as transport hosts for Trichuris trichiura?
Pigs
and
chickens
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What is the geographic distribution of Trichuris trichiura?
Cosmopolitan
in warm climates
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Where does Trichuris trichiura locate in the host?
Large intestine
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How does Trichuris trichiura transmit?
Ingestion of
embryonated
eggs
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What conditions are required for Trichuris trichiura eggs to develop?
High
humidity
, warm
climate
, and shade
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What are the symptoms of large infections of Trichuris trichiura?
Diarrhea
, bloody stool,
abdominal pain
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