Geography physical

• Give an example of a tectonic hazard.

  Earthquakes
• What is a natural hazard?

  A natural process causing harm to humans
• What type of hazard is a landslide classified as?

  Geological hazard
• What is an example of an atmospheric hazard?

  Hurricanes
• How do convection currents affect tectonic plates?

  They create drag on the base of plates
• What causes convection currents in the mantle?

  Heat from radioactive decay in the core
• What are the layers of the Earth from outermost to innermost?

  Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
• What is the thickness of the Earth's crust beneath the ocean?


  About 5 to 10 kilometers
• What is a destructive plate margin?

  Where crust is being destroyed
• What is the focus of an earthquake?

  The point where energy is released
• What happens at a constructive plate margin?

  New crust is created as plates pull apart
• What is a conservative plate margin?

  Plates slide past each other
• What is the epicenter of an earthquake?

  The point directly above the focus
• What are seismic waves?

  Energy radiating outwards from the focus
• How can we manage earthquake risks?

  By building earthquake-resistant structures
• What is one method used to predict earthquakes?

  Seismometers
• What is the Gawker earthquake case study about?

  A 2015 earthquake in Nepal
• What magnitude was the Tohoku earthquake?

  1. 0 magnitude
• What is a primary effect of an earthquake?

  Immediate impact from the earthquake
• What is pyroclastic flow?

  Superheated gas and volcanic matter
• What is a lahar?

  Fast flowing mud from a volcano
• Why might people continue to live in hazardous areas?

  Benefits like fertile soil and tourism
• What are the three cells in global atmospheric circulation?

  Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells
• What happens at low pressure systems?

  Hot air rises, causing stormy weather
• What happens at high pressure systems?

  Cold air sinks, creating calm weather
• From where do winds blow?

  From high pressure to low pressure
• What are the primary and secondary effects of earthquakes?

  • Primary effects: Immediate impacts like building damage
  • Secondary effects: Long-term impacts like landslides and disease
• What are the differences between LICs and HICs in responding to natural hazards?

  • LICs: Limited resources, slower recovery
  • HICs: More resources, faster recovery and better preparedness
• What are the characteristics of tropical storms?

  • Different names based on location
  • Form over warm ocean waters
  • Cause heavy rainfall and strong winds
• What is global atmospheric circulation?

  • Movement of air due to temperature differences
  • Involves Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells
  • Influences weather patterns globally
• What are the impacts of volcanic eruptions?

  • Ash clouds can disrupt air travel
  • Lahars can destroy infrastructure
  • Pyroclastic flows can cause fatalities
• What are the management strategies for natural hazards?

  • Building regulations for earthquake resistance
  • Public education and awareness programs
  • Emergency response planning and drills
• What are the differences between immediate and long-term responses to earthquakes?

  • Immediate responses: Search and rescue, medical aid
  • Long-term responses: Reconstruction, economic recovery
• What are the benefits of living in hazardous areas?

  • Fertile soil for agriculture
  • Opportunities for tourism
  • Cultural and historical significance
• What factors influence the severity of natural hazards?

  • Population density
  • Preparedness and response capabilities
  • Economic resources available
• What are the challenges of predicting natural hazards?

  • Uncertainty in timing and location
  • Variability in natural processes
  • Limitations of current technology
• What are the types of seismic waves?

  • Primary waves (P-waves)
  • Secondary waves (S-waves)
  • Surface waves
• What causes low pressure systems in the atmosphere?

  Hot air rising creates low pressure systems
• What weather is typically associated with low pressure systems?

  Stormy and cloudy weather
• What weather is typically associated with high pressure systems?

  Clear and calm weather